16.61 Aerospace Dynamics Spring 2003 Generalized forces revisited Derived Lagrange s equation from d'Alembert's equation ∑m(8x+16y+22)=∑(Fx+F+F。=) Define virtual displacements sx Substitute in and noting the independence of the 8q,, for each

Organizational Conflict Conflict exists in situations where goals, interests or values of people are incompatible and they block other's efforts to achieve their goals Some level of conflict is inevitable given the wide range of goals in a firm Some conflict is good for organizational performance Too much causes managers to spend much time responding to conflict

Motivation oDefined as the psychological forces within a person that determine: 1) direction of behavior in an organization; 2) the effort or how hard people work 3) the persistence displayed in meeting goals. Intrinsic Motivation: behavior performed for its own sake

Managerial Decision Making Decision making: the process by which managers respond to opportunities and threats by analyzing options, and making decisions about goals and courses of action. oDecisions in response to opportunities: managers respond to ways to improve organizational performance. ODecisions in response to threats: occurs when managers are impacted by adverse events to the organization

Ethics and stakeholders sTakeholders: people or groups that have an interest in the organization Stakeholders include employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, and others Stakeholders often want different outcomes and managers must work to satisfy as many as possible Ethics: a set of beliefs about right and wrong. Ethics guide people in dealings with stakeholders and others, to determine appropriate actions Managers often must choose between the conflicting interest of stakeholders Irwin/McGraw-Hill CThe McGran-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

Typical Length Scales in Biology IA lO microtubule DNA width width typical animal cell length of DNA in a chromosome

3-1 Measures of Random Syntactic Information Shannon Theory of Information Key point: 1. Information is something that can be used to remove uncertainty. 2. The amount of information can then be measured by the amount of uncertainty it removed. 3. In the cases of communications, only waveform is concerned while meaning and value are ignored. 4. Uncertainty and thus information are statistic in nature and statistical mathematics is enough

1.1 Information science Definition of information Science Information Science is a trans-disciplinary science with information as its object in study; the laws in information process as its content information methodology as its approach; and the strengthening human information functions particularly the intellectual ability, as its goal

Concept of plant nutrition Plant nutrition is a term that takes into account the interrelationships of mineral elements in the growth medium as well as their role in plant growth

Quicksort Proposed by C. A.R. Hoare in 1962 Divide-and-conquer algorithm Sorts“ in place”( like insertion sort, but not like merge sort Very practical(with tuning)