7.012: Introductory Biology-Fall 2004 Instructors: Professor Eric Lander, Professor Robert A. Weinberg, Dr. Claudette Gardel Big Idea 1: Biology is based on observational and experimental science. 1. We think what we think because we can draw conclusions from the results of controlled experiments. 2. An informative experiment is designed to distinguish between hypotheses

Notes LECTURE Biochemistry 9.17.04 ATP is both a unit of energy currency in a cell and a building block of RNA. Why? It is believed that early in evolution there were very few molecules around. Many key pathways are ancient, and trace their origin to the early stages of evolution of life on Earth. Incidentally, such pathways are usually highly conserved in modern organisms. This is probably because once

Bob, a student taking 7.012, looks at a long-standing puddle outside his dorm window Curious as to what was growing in the cloudy water, he takes a sample to his TA, Brad Student. He wanted to know whether the organisms in the sample were prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Please print out this problem set and record your answers on the printed copy. Answers to this problem set are to be turned in at the box outside by 4: 10 Wednesday, October I Problem sets will not be accepted late Solutions will be posted on the web October 2

Please print out this problem set and record your answers on the printed copy. Answers to this problem set are to be turned in at the box outside by 4: 10 Wednesday, September 17. Problem sets will not be accepted late. Solutions will be posted on the web

在当今这个科技高速发展的新时代,你可能感觉不到化学的存在和它 对我们的影响。这是为什么?因为化学早已渗透你的生活,在无形中影响学生的学 着你方方面面。从人类对火的使用开始,到化工合成开始逐步取代天然原习兴趣, 料,到现在方兴未艾的有机合成和材料工业、纳米技术、生物化学,可以深入理解 说化学从它诞生的那一天起,就在人们的生活中充当着一个无可替代的脚课程的本 色

13.1 Photosynthesis 13.2 Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls 叶绿素与菌绿素 13.3 Accessory pigments 其它色素 13.4 Anoxygenic Photosynthesis: purple bacteria as example 不产氧光合作用 13.5 Oxygenic photosythesis 产氧光合作用

13.6 The Energetics of Chemolithotrophy 13.7 Hydrogen Oxidation 氢的氧化 13.8 Oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds 还原态硫的氧化 13.9 Iron Oxidation 铁氧化 13.10 Nitrifying bacteria 硝化细菌 13.11 Anammox Major Biosyntheses: Autotrophy and Nitrogen Fixation 13.12 Autotrophic CO2 fixation: The Calvin cycle卡尔文循环固定CO2 13.13 Autotrophic CO2 fixation: Other autotrophic pathways in phototrophs 13.14 Nitrogenase and nitrogen fixation 固氮酶与固氮作用

I. Symbioses between Microorganisms II. Plants as Microbial Habitats 2. The Legume–Root Nodule Symbiosis 3. Agrobacterium and Crown Gall Disease 4. Mycorrhizae III. Animals as Microbial Habitats 5. The Mammalian Gut 6. The Rumen and Ruminant Animals 7. The Human Microbiome 8. Termites

I. The Phylogeny of Bacteria • 17.1 Phylogenetic Overview of Bacteria II. Phototrophic, Chemolithotrophic, and Methanotrophic Proteobacteria • 17.2 Purple Phototrophic Bacteria • 17.3 The Nitrifying Bacteria • 17.4 Sulfur- and Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria • 17.5 Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacteria • 17.6 Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs III. Aerobic and Facultatively Aerobic Chemoorganotrophic Proteobacteria • 17.7 Pseudomonas and the Pseudomonads • 17.8 Acetic Acid Bacteria • 17.9 Free-Living Aerobic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria • 17.10 Neisseria, Chromobacterium, and Relatives • 17.11 Enteric Bacteria • 17.12 Vibrio, Aliivibrio, and Photobacterium • 17.13 Rickettsias V. Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria • 17.17 Myxobacteria • 17.18 Sulfate- and Sulfur-Reducing Proteobacteria • 17.19 The Epsilonproteobacteria