83.1 Light-Emitting Diodes Semiconductor Device Principles • Semiconductor Materials • Device Efficiency • Interfacing 83.2 Liquid-Crystal Displays Principle of Operation • Interfacing 83.3 The Cathode Ray Tube

非金属材料包括除金属材料以外几乎所有的材料，主要有各类高分 子材料（塑料、橡胶、合成纤维、部分胶粘剂等）、陶瓷材料（各种陶 器、瓷器、耐火材料、玻璃、水泥及近代无机非金属材料等）和各种复 合材料等。本章主要介绍高分子材料、陶瓷和复合材料

The safe and reliable long-term disposal of solid waste residues is an important component of integrated waste management. Solid waste residues are waste components that are not recycled, that remain after processing at a materials recovery facility, or that remain after the recovery of conversion products and/or energy. Historically, solid waste has been placed in the soil in the earth's surface or deposited in the oceans. Although ocean dumping of municipal solid waste was officially abandoned in the United States in 1933, it is now argued that many of the wastes now placed in landfills or on land could be used

The control of particulates and VOCs is mostly accomplished by physical processes (cyclones, ESPs, filters, leakage control, vapor capture, condensation) that do not involve changing the chemical nature of the pollutant. Some particles and VOCs are chemically changed into harmless materials by combustion. This chapter and the next concern pollutants--sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides that cannot be economically collected by physical means nor rendered harmless by combustion. Their control is largely chemical rather than physical. For this reason, these two chapters are more chemically oriented than the rest of the book

Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension

Section i Listening comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this

content Introduction The Packaging Line Line Organization Packaging Materials Machine Capabilities Line Balancing Material and Container Characteristics Personnel

first three chapters established some fundamental principles concerning the structure of organic molecules. In this chapter we begin our discussion of organic chemical reactions by directing attention to alcohols and alkyl halides. These two rank among the most useful classes of organic compounds because they often serve as starting materials for the preparation of numerous other families

24.1 Introduction: the problem of plastic packaging waste Polymers and plastics are typical materials of the last century and have made a tremendous growth of some hundreds of tons/year at the beginning of the 1930s to more than 150 million tons/year at the end of the 20th century with 220 million tons forecast by 2005. Western Europe will account for 19% of that amount. Today

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAPmay be defined as the enclosure of food products in gas-barrier materials in which the gaseous environment has been changed'(Young et al., 1988 Because of its substantial shelf-life extending effect, MAP has been one of the most significant and innovative growth areas in retail food packaging. The potential advantages and disadvantages of MAP have been presented by Farber (1991), Parry(1993) and Davies (1995). Whilst there is considerable information available regarding suitable gas mixtures for different food products, there is still a lack of scientific detail regarding many aspects relating to MAP. These include: