Unemployment A man willing to work, and unable to find work, is perhaps the saddest sight that fortune's inequality exhibits under the sun Thomas Carlyle Unemployment is the macroeconomic problem that affects people most directly and severely. For most people, the loss of a job means a reduced living standard

1. GDP measures both the total income of everyone in the economy and the total expendi- ture on the economy's output of goods and services. GDP can measure two things at once because both are really the same thing: for an economy as a whole, income must al expenditure. As the circular flow diagram in the text illustrates, these are alter- native, equivalent ways of measuring the flow of dollars in the economy

The Data of macroeconomics It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to fit facts. Sherlock holmes Scientists, economists, and detectives have much in common: they all want to figure out what's going on in the world around them. To do this, they rely on both theory and observation. They build theories in an attempt to make sense of what they see happening. They then turn to more systematic observation to eval- uate the theories validity. Only when theory and evidence come into line do they feel they understand the situation

热力学第一定律是能量守恒定律在涉及热现象宏观过程中的具体表 现。表现形式:温度,内能。 无序运动的能量怎样向有序运动转移?这种转移有什么规律?是 本章的主要研究内容。 注意:热力学第一定律不能完全描述能量转移规律。完全描述需 要热力学第二定律。另外,要把整个描述系统公理化(自恰系 统),还需要热力学第三定律

一、本节教学目的与要求: 1、两部门模型的基本假设 2、凯恩斯主义的消费函数及其边际消费倾向的概念 3、凯恩斯主义的储蓄函数及其边际储蓄倾向的概念; 4、凯恩斯主义的投资函数

一、本章的教学目的与要求 1、经济周期的含义与类型; 2、经济周期的成因; 3、乘数一加速原因 4、经济增长及其决定因素 5、经济增长的几个典型模型

一、本章的教学目的与要求: 1、劳动力以及失业的定义; 2、失业的种类 3、对失业的经济学解释; 4、失业率; 5、失业的影响。 6、劳动力市场问题

一、本章的教学目的与要求: 货币在经济活动中具有哪些职能; 货币供给量的决定及货币层次的划分; 关于美国联邦储蓄系统和商业银行系统的简要介绍;

一、投资指南的功能 二、衍生工具的标的 三、宏观经济景气度的指示器

第一节经济增长的含义与特征 第二节经济增长的决定因素 第三节哈罗德多马模型 第四节新古典经济增长模型 第五节经济增长周期