第三节 DNA重组技术过程 1、制备目的基因和相关载体 2、将目的基因和有关载体进行连接 3、将重组本DNA导入受体细胞 4、DNA重组体的筛选和鉴定 5、DNA重组体的扩增、表达和其他研究 第五节 利用重组DNA技术可对基因进行改造 第六节 克隆基因在适当宿主细胞内表达

14.1 Introduction 14.2 Breakage and reunion involves heteroduplex DNA 14.3 Double-strand breaks initiate recombination 14.4 Double-strand breaks initiate snapsis 14.5 Bacterial recombination involves single-strand assimilation 14.6 Gene conversion accounts for interallelic recombination 14.7 Topological manipulation of DNA 14.8 Specialized recombination involves breakage and reunion at specific sites 14.9 Repair systems correct damage to DNA 14.10 Excision repair systems in E. coli 14.11 Controlling the direction of mismatch repair 14.12 Retrieval systems in E. coli 14.13 RecA triggers the SOS system 14.14 Eukaryotic repair systems

第二节 对不同疾病采用不同基因诊断的策略 第三节 基因诊断的应用前景 第四节 基因诊断技术检测遗传病 第四节 遗传病的基因诊断

第一节 常用生物化学与分子生物学实验方法 第二节 常用的生物化学与分子生物学实验设备 第三节 实验样本的制备 （一）血液样品的制备 （二）尿液样品的制备 （三）组织样品的制备 （四）微生物样品的制备

17.1 Introduction 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 17.3 The mating response activates a G protein 17.4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17.5 The MAT locus codes for regulator proteins 17.6 Silent cassettes at HML and HMR are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17.8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17.10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17.12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17.14 Transfer of T-DNA resembles bacterial conjugation 17.15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17.16 Transfection introduces exogenous DNA into cells 17.17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17.18 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17.19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out

16.1 Introduction 16.2 The retrovirus life cycle involves transposition-like events 16.3 Retroviral genes codes for polyproteins 16.4 Viral DNA is generated by reverse transcription 16.5 Viral DNA integrates into the chromosome 16.6 Retroviruses may transduce cellular sequences 16.7 Yeast Ty elements resemble retroviruses 16.8 Many transposable elements reside in D. melanogaster 16.9 Retroposons fall into two classes 16.10 The Alu family has many widely dispersed members

第一节 肿瘤与癌症 癌基因(oncogene) 反转录病毒致癌基因 细胞转化基因 抑癌基因(tumor suppressor gene ) 第二节 人免疫缺损病毒——HIV • HIV病毒粒子的形态结构 • HIV基因组及其编码的蛋白 • HIV的复制 第三节 乙型肝炎病毒——HBV

• 真核生物的基因组 • 真核生物基因表达调控的特点和种类 • 真核生物DNA水平上的基因表达调控 • 真核生物转录水平上的基因表达调控 • 真核基因转录后水平上的调控

12.1 Introduction 12.2 Replicons can be linear or circular 12.3 Origins can be mapped by autoradiography and electrophoresis 12.4 The bacterial genome is a single circular replicon 12.5 Each eukaryotic chromosome contains many replicons 12.6 Isolating the origins of yeast replicons 12.7 D loops maintain mitochondrial origins 12.8 The problem of linear replicons

Cloning vectors: 克隆载体 to clone a gene in a vector Expression vectors: 表达载体 to express a gene from a vector Integration vectors: 整合载体 to integrate a gene in a genome through a vector Cloning vectors 1 Plasmid vecters 2 Bacteriophage vectors 3 Cosmids & BACs 4 Eukaryotic vectors Cloning vectors: allowing the exogenous DNA to be inserted, stored, and manipulated mainly at DNA level. expression vectors: allowing the exogenous DNA to be inserted, stored, and expressed