Chapter 3 Pressure-activated membrane processes M. J. LEWIS, Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP 3.1 INTRODUCTION Over the last 30 years, a number of membrane processes have evolved, which make use of a pressure driving force and a semi-permeable membrane in order to effect a separa- tion of components in a solution or colloidal dispersion. The separation is based mainly on molecular size, but to a lesser extent on shape and charge. The three main processes

Chapter 2 Supercritical fluid extraction and its application in the food industry DAVID STEYTLER, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ 2.1 INTRODUCTION Solvent extraction is one of the oldest methods of separation known and certainly dates back to prehistory. The science of solvent extraction has evolved accordingly over a long period of time and much progress has been made in the understanding of solvation and

通过课程学习,使学生掌握生物工程学的基本概念、基本知识和基本原理,了解生物工程的发展方向,及其与其它学科、社会发展的联系

第一节概述 一、维生素的概念 二、维生素六、生物素与羧基生物素 七、叶酸和叶酸辅酶 八、钴胺素 九、Vc——抗坏血酸 十、硫辛酸 第三节脂溶性维生素 一、V——全反视黄醇 二、V——钙化醇 三、V生育酚 四、V 的命名及分类 第二节水溶性维生素 一、硫胺素与羧化辅酶 二、核黄素和黄素辅酶 三、泛酸及辅酶A 四、V与辅酶 五、吡哆素与脱羧辅酶

第一节 工业生产常用的微生物 第二节 菌种的衰退、复壮与保藏 第三节 菌种的选育 第四节 生产菌株的改良 第五节 种子扩大培养

一、课程的性质与任务 物理化学主要研究化学变化和相变化的平衡规律和变化速率规律,是化学工 程与工艺、应用化学、生物工程、食品、材料、制药、生物技术等专业的必修基 础课,它包括理论教学及实验教学

The water content of dairy products ranges from around 2.5 to 94%(w/w) (Table 7.1) and is the principal component by weight in most dairy products, including milk, cream, ice-cream, yogurt and most cheeses. The moisture content of foods (or more correctly their water activity, section 7.3), together with temperature and pH, are of great importance to food technology. As described in section 7.8 water plays an extremely important

Like all other foods of plant or animal origin, milk contains several indigenous enzymes which are constituents of the milk as secreted. The principal constituents of milk (lactose, lipids and proteins) can be modified by exogenous enzymes, added to induce specific changes. Exogenous en- zymes may also be used to analyse for certain constituents in milk. In addition, milk and most dairy products

Milk is a dilute emulsion consisting of an oil/fat dispersed phase and an aqueous colloidal continuous phase. The physical properties of milk are similar to those of water but are modified by the presence of various solutes (proteins, lactose and salts) in the continuous phase and by the degree of dispersion of the emulsified and colloidal components

Cheese is a very varied group of dairy products, produced mainly in Europe, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand and to a lesser extent in North Africa and the Middle East, where it originated during the Agricultural Revolution, 6000-8000 years ago. Cheese production and con- 10A and 10B), is increasing in traditional