Primary research programs Geophysical research GPS analysis packages GAMIT (GPS at MIT): Uses double differences GYPSY: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) processing packages: Uses one-way observables and explicitly estimates clocks Bernese: Developed at Astronomical Institute
Basic antenna operation Receiving and transmitting antennas are identical: Time just flows in opposite directions. Antenna problems are solved knowing the current distribution J(x') in the antenna and using a vector potential
Propagation: lonospheric delay Summary -Quick review/introduction to propagating waves -Effects of low density plasma Additional effects -Treatment of ionospheric delay in GPS processing -Examples of some results
Propagation Basics: - Signal, tagged with time from satellite clock, transmitted. - About66msec(20,000km) later the signal arrives at GPS receiver. Satellite has moved about 66 m during the time it takes signal to propagate to receiver
Specific common processes White-noise: Autocorrelation is Dirac-delta function; PSD is flat; integral of power under PSD is variance of process(true in general) First-order Gauss-Markov process (one of most models common in Kalman filtering)
Estimation · Summary Examine correlations -Process noise · White noise · Random walk First-order Gauss Markov Processes Kalman filters Estimation in which the parameters to be estimated are changing with time
Basic concepts Basic problem: We measure range and phase data that are related to the positions of the ground receiver, satellites and other quantities How do we determine the \ best position for the receiver and other quantities What do we mean by best \ estimate?
