一、什么是社会分层 二、为什么会有社会分层 三、社会分层理论 四、什么是社会流动（social mobility） 五、社会流动的基本类型 六、 社会流动的影响因素 七、合理的社会流动及其意义

一、什么是社会分层 (social stratification)依据一定的标准把社会成员区分为高低有序的不同等级和层次的过程与现象

Product development does not occur in isolation as a separate functional activity. It is a company philosophy, a basic company strategy and a multifunctional company activity. In recent years to show this all-encompassing basis, bringing together product, process, marketing and organisational innovations, there has been development of an overall innovation strategy. This innovation strategy is related to the company's overall business aims and strategy, as well as the social, economic and technological environment, and the company's own knowledge and skills. The business strategy also includes a duct strategy outlining the products of the future. The combination of the innovation and product strategies is the basis for the product development strategy, and from this can be developed

Definition (1) Econometrics: economic measurement. (2) Econometrics: the social science in which the tools of economic theory, mathematics, and statistical inference are applied to the analysis of economic phenomena. (3) Econometrics: the result of a certain outlook on the role of economics, consists of the application of mathematical statistics to economic data to lend

Political Economy Defined Political Economy is the application of economic principles to the analysis of political decision making. -elf- -interestin- the marketplace, this often leads to efficiency; different implications in \political market. Maximization-one goal may be to maximize social welfare

Welfare economics Need systematic framework to assess the desirability of various government actions. Welfare economics is concerned with the social desirability of alternative economic states. Distinguishes cases when private markets work well from cases where government intervention may be warranted

常用的经济计量软件 EViews (Econometric Views) RATS (Regression Analysis of Time Series) SAS (Statistical Analysis System) SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) TSP

disrespected) social class: \the clones\. One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, when Europeans puzzled over how to classify the unfamiliar inhabitants of the Americas, and endlessly debated whether or not they were humans

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin300071) Abstract: This paper summed up the Course and the achievement of Chinese promoting Cleaner Production. It emphasized the creativity of mechanism of Chinas CP development in future, include to bring CP into its Social-Economical Development Program, to encourage local governments to promote CP, to encourage departments to support CP, etc Key Words: Cleaner Production, pollution control, sustainable development, creativity of mechanism

Lecture 7 Tourism and Sustainable Development Tourism is the world's largest industry(WTTC et al., 1995). It employs approximately one in nine workers worldwide, comprising 6% of global gross national product (GNP) and, it has been seen as a panacea for solving many social problems and for driving economic growth