1、掌握正常菌群、条件致病菌及菌群失调症的概念。 2、掌握消毒、灭菌的含义。 3、熟悉常用的消毒方法

第一节 细胞因子的共同特点 第二节 细胞因子的分类 第三节 细胞因子的生物活性 第四节 细胞因子受体 第五节 细胞因子与临床

lecular association similar to an enzyme-substrate interaction, with an important distinction: it does not lead to an irreversible chemical alteration in either the antibody or the antigen. The association between an anti Fluorescent Antibody Staining Reveals Intracellular body and an antigen involves various noncovalent interac- tions between the antigenic determinant, or epitope, of the ntigen and the variable-region(vH/Vi) domain of the an- a Strength of Antigen-Antibody Interactions tibody molecule, particularly the hypervariable regions

1. 掌握血细胞计数板的使用方法 2. 掌握MACS的原理、方法、结果评价 3. 熟悉细胞分选的方法 4. 熟悉LDA、CD的概念及应用 5. 了解单克隆抗体的制备原理

Kappa Light-Chain Gene Rearrangement the vertebrate immune system is its ability to respond to an apparently limitless array of for eign antigens As immunoglobulin(Ig)sequence data accu- a Genetic Model Compatible with Ig Structure mulated, virtually every antibody molecule studied was found to contain a unique amino acid sequence in its vari a Multigene Organization

一、微生物疾病的诊断  病症观察  显微镜检查  生物化学检验  微生物培养  免疫学技术  分子生物学方法 二、微生物疾病的治疗 三、微生物疾病的预防

一、细菌的分布 (一)细菌在自然界的分布 1.土壤(最多) (1)分布:距地面10~20cm的土壤中最多。 (2)与人类的关系

第一节 B 细胞的分化发育 第二节 B 细胞的表面分子及其作用 第三节 B 细胞的亚群 第四节 B 细胞的功能

cell receptor when complexed with MHC,are called antigens. The molecular properties of antigens and he way in which these properties ultimately contribute to immune activation are central to our understanding of the mmune system. This chapter describes some of the molecu- Complementarity of Interacting Surfaces of Antibody(left) lar features of antigens recognized by B or T cells. The chap and Antigen(rig ter also explores the contribution made to immunogenicity by the biological system of the host; ultimately the biological system determines whether a molecule that combines with a a Immunogenicity Versus Antigenicity Bor T cells antigen-binding receptor can then induce an im

realized that the immune system could go awry and, instead of reacting against foreign antigens, could focus its attack on self-antigens. He termed this con- dition\horror autotoxicus \We now understand that while mechanisms of self-tolerance normally protect an individual from potentially self-reactive lymphocytes, there are failures They result in an inappropriate response of the immune system against self-components termed autoimmunity In the 1960s, it was believed that all self-reactive lymphocytes