一、单项选择题 1．按照有关规定，企业发生的原材料盘亏或毁损中，不应作为管理费用列支的是( )。 Ａ．自然灾害造成的净损失 Ｂ．保管中发生的定额内净损失 Ｃ．收发计量造成的盘亏损失 Ｄ．管理不善造成的盘亏损失

基于刚性转动假设和功等效原理,推导了直通型CT试样的裂纹嘴张开位移和加载线张开位移弹塑性换算公式,并采用Cr2Ni2MoV钢对公式进行试验验证.根据弹塑性有限元分析,刚性转动假设得到了很好的验证,刚性转动中心靠近裂尖位置且受材料本构关系的影响甚微,转动半径R仅与裂纹长度和试样宽度之比a/W有关.有限元分析和试验结果表明,直通型CT试样的COD弹塑性换算公式用于塑性功计算具有更好的精度

在勃克斯(A.W.Burks)构筑的描述因果世界的细胞自动机的基础上(属归纳概率逻辑范畴),提出了可综合处理随机不确定性与模糊不确定性的广义细胞自动机与相应的广义归纳逻辑因果模型,解决了原模型中未曾解决的主因判定与因果扰动响应的问题,并找到了它在智能控制中的应用

Chapter 1：前史——Isaac Newton Chapter 2 ：量子力学预备 Chapter 3：前量子论中的原子 Chapter 4 Max Planck——The Birth of the Quantum Adventure Chapter 5 ：Light——Wave or Projectile? Chapter 6：Einstein Enters the Scene Chapter 7：Niels Bohr Introduces the Quantum into Atomic Physics Chapter 8 Werner Heisenberg——An Equation for Uncertainty Chapter 9 Louis de Broglie——Matter Waves Chapter 10 Erwin Schrodinger——Wave Mechanics Chapter 11 Eigenstates——The Theory of the Seen and Unseen Chapter 12 Eigenstates in the Subnuclear World Chapter 13 Paul Dirac——Tying Things Together Chapter 14 Richard Feynman——The Strange Theory of Light and Matter Chapter 15 Quantum Reality——The World of the Absurd

 国内生产总值(GDP) 衡量一国的总收入与支出  GDP的四个支出组成部分包括：消费，投资，政府购买和净出口  名义GDP是用现期价格来衡量，真实GDP是用不变的基年价格来衡量，并经过通货膨胀的校正  GDP虽然不是一个完美的指标，但它仍是衡量一国经济福利的主要指标

厚壁菌门，柔膜菌门和放线菌 18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes 18.2 Endospore-Forming Firmicutes 18.3 Mollicutes: The Mycoplasmas 18.4 Actinobacteria: Coryneform and Propionic Acid Bacteria 18.5 Actinobacteria: Mycobacterium 18.6 Filamentous Actinobacteria: Streptomyces and Relatives 18.7 Cyanobacteria 蓝细菌 18.8 Prochlorophytes 原绿生物 18.9 The Chlamydia 衣原体 The Planctomycetes 浮霉菌门 18.10 Planctomyces: A Phylogenetically Unique Bacterium 疣微菌门 18.11 Verrucomicrobium and Prosthecobacter疣微菌属和突柄杆菌属 18.12 Bacteroides and Flavobacterium 18.13 Acidobacteria 酸杆菌 The Cytophaga Group 噬纤维菌 18.14 Cytophaga and Relatives 18.15 Chlorobium and Other Green Sulfur Bacteria 绿硫杆菌属等绿色硫细菌 18.16 Spirochetes螺旋体 18.17 Deinococcus and Thermus Hyperthermophilic Bacteria 18.19 Thermotoga and Thermodesulfobacterium 18.20 Aquifex, Thermocrinis, and Relatives Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU 18.20 Aquifex, Thermocrinis, and Relatives 18.21 Nitrospira and Deferribacter

 2.1 What is a Financial System?  2.2 The Flow of Funds  2.3 The Functional Perspective  2.4 Financial Innovation & the “Invisible Hand”  2.5 Financial Markets  2.6 Financial Market Rates  2.7 Financial Intermediaries  2.8 Financial Infrastructure and Regulation  2.9 Governmental & Quasi- Governmental Organizations

10.1 What is Risk? 10.2 Risk and Economic Decisions 10.3 The Risk-Management Process 10.4 The Three Dimensions of Risk Transfer 10.5 Risk Transfer and Economic Efficiency 10.6 Institutions for Risk Management 10.7 Portfolio Theory: Quantitative Analysis for Optimal Risk Management 10.8 Probability Distributions of Returns 10.9 Standard Deviation as a Measure of Risk

7.1 环境噪声基础 7.1.1声音的产生和基本概念 7.1.2环境噪声 7.1.3环境噪声评价量及其计算 7.2 噪声的测量 7.2.1噪声测量仪器 7.2.2监测规范与布点原则 7.3 环境噪声预测模型 7.3.1声源声级A的确定 7.3.2噪声传播衰减计算 7.4噪声环境影响评价 7.4.1噪声评价工作程序和等级 7.4.2噪声环境影响报告内容

11.1 Using Forward & Futures Contracts to Hedge Risks 11.2 Hedging Foreign-Exchange Risk with Swap Contracts 11.3 Hedging Shortfall-Risk by Matching Assets to Liabilities 11.4 Minimizing the Cost of Hedging 11.5 Insuring versus Hedging 11.6 Basic Features of Insurance Contracts 11.7 Financial Guarantees 11.8 Caps & Floors on Interest Rates 11.9 Options as Insurance 11.10 The Diversification Principle 11.11 Insuring a Diversified Portfolio