Introduction Beginning with this lecture, we focus our attention on dynamic games. The majority of games of economic interest feature some dynamic component, and most often payoff uncertainty as The analysis of extensive games is challenging in several ways. At the most basic level describing the possible sequences of events(choices) which define a particular game form is not problematic per se; yet, different formal definitions have been proposed, each with its Representing the players information as the play unfolds is nontrivial: to some extent

1.1试举几个开环控制系统与闭环控制系统的例子,画出它们的框图,并说明它们的工作原理。 1.2根据图题1.2所示的电动机速度控制系统工作原理图 (1)将a,b与c,d用线连接成负反馈系统; (2)画出系统方框图

我们希望能够找到一种方法,能够从任意一个n阶线性定常的 般形式的微分方程组中构造出一个n维的状态空间模型。设输出量a (标量)与输入量r(标量)之间的关系由线性定常微分方程表示。 我们定义状态量为ω及其n-1阶导数 这样,我们就得到了n个状态量(与微分方程的阶次相同)。现 在我们对x求导,直到x(n-1)

It is often stated by those in the meat and refrigeration industries that 'anyone can measure a temperature. Many millions of measurements are made of both meat and environmental temperatures in the meat industry. However, in many cases the measurements made are an unreliable guide to the effectiveness of the refrigeration process. Even when the correct tem- peratures have been obtained the data are often poorly analysed and rarely acted upon

Since the mid-1980s there has been a considerable increase in legislation defining maximum temperatures during the production, distribution and retailing of chilled food. However, as soon as the food is purchased by the consumer, it is outside of any of these legislative requirements. Increasingly food poisoning incidents have been found to be due to mishandling of food in the home with insufficient refrigeration or cooling being the most fre

leat for industrial processing is usually frozen in the form of carcasses, quarters or boned out primals in 25 kg cartons. Most bulk meat, consumer portions and meat products are frozen in air blast freezers. Some small ind viduals items, for example beefburgers, may be frozen in cryogenic tunnels and a small amount of offal and other meat is frozen in plate freezers. It is not unusual for meat to be frozen twice before it reaches the consumer During industrial processing frozen raw material is often thawed or tem-

Microbiology of refrigerated meat There are many pertinent texts on the microbiology of meats. The purpose of this chapter is to examine briefly the types of micro-organisms and con- ditions that are of interest in relation to the refrigeration of meat and meat products. In a perfect world, meat would be completely free of pathogenic(food poisoning

1. Dear sirs We refer to contract No 645 for 500 pieces of printed cotton. The contract was made on a cfr basis, whereas your letter of cred it stipulates CIF. This inconsistency must obviously be resolved To avoid any further delay in shipping, we suggest that we arrange the insurance cover. The premium will cost US$140 and we could deduct it from the 2% commission payable to you. The balance

1.垂直于板面方向磁化则为垂直于磁场方向 退磁场Hd=-NM 大薄片材料,退磁因子Na=Nb=0,Nc=1 所以Hd=-M=-= J 1Wb/m2 4×10-7Hm =7.96×105A/m

A. castellanii卡氏棘阿米巴 Aancy los toma caninum犬钩口线虫 abates双硫磷 Acanthamoeba棘阿米巴属 acanthella棘头体 acanthopodia棘状伪足 acanthor棘头蚴