前面介绍了有关GPS定位的基本概念和原理,本 章将介绍目前GPS测量实施的主要过程,作业的 基本方法和原则。 由于GPS测量工作的实施方法与用户的要求,和 所用接收系统硬件与软件的发展水平密切相关, 所以,关于GPS测量工作的作业细节

1. Errors related to GPs Satellites 2. Errors related to GPS signal propagation in atmosphere 3. Error related to gPs receivers Gv Principles of the Global Positioning System

1. Basic Knowledge of GPS In 1973, DOd organized a Joint P Office (JPO) located at the U.S. Air Force Systems Command's Space The s Second Lecture Division, Los Angeles Air Force Base(AFB)to what?

Outline Review u Examined basics of GPS signal structure and how gnal is tracked a Looked at methods used to acquire satellites and start g Today we look at

Basics of the GPs Technique: Observation Equations Geoffrey blewitt Department of Geomatics, University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NEl 7RU, United Kingdom

1.1 Physical Fundamentals This attenuation is usually expressed in decibels (dB). By definition, an attenuation of n dB means signal propagation from the that the original field strength is decreased by ite to the user by means of factor of 10-0In electromagnetic waves. Such waves Physical quantities

1.1 Point Positioning with Code ranges Epoch at t Additional Satellites(Simultaneously): L Code Range Observation Equatio

This is a Geodetic Control Test Field located at L Radial Surveying( Cartwheel): Madison County, Central Ohio. lial Surveys: one receiver at a fixed 2 Madison County High Altitude Test Range site, and measuring lines from this fixed

3. Adjustment, Filtering, and Smoothing-----Overview

基本概念 免疫学( Immunology): 研究免疫系统静态的结构和功能及动态免疫应答引起的获得性防御功能及所致疾病的过程和机制的学科。 研究机体免疫系统的组成(免疫器官、 免疫细胞和免疫分子)、结构及其免疫生物学(生理性的和病理性的)功能的学科