Structure Utility function (效用函数） – Definition – Monotonic transformation （单调转换） – Examples of utility functions and their indifference curves Marginal utility （边际效用） Marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率 – MRS after monotonic transformation

Stage 1: Warming-up Activities Stage 2: Reading-Centred Activities Stage 3: After-Reading Activities Stage 4: Listening-and-Speaking Practice

Stage 1: Warming-up Activities Stage 2: Reading-Centred Activities Stage 3: After-Reading Activities Stage 4: Listening-and-Speaking Practice

Stage 1: Warming-up Activities Stage 2: Reading-Centred Activities Stage 3: After-Reading Activities Stage 4: Listening-and-Speaking Practice

Stage 1: Warming-up Activities Stage 2: Reading-Centred Activities Stage 3: After-Reading Activities Stage 4: Listening-and-Speaking Practice

Stage 1: Warming-up Activities Stage 2: Reading-Centred Activities Stage 3: After-Reading Activities Stage 4: Listening-and-Speaking Practice

There is a group of compounds in which carbon forms only two bonds. These neutral divalent carbon compounds are called carbenes. Most carbenes are highly unstable compounds that are capable of only fleeting existence. Soon after carbenes are formed they usually react with another molecule

The principle of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was first reported in 1971 (Kleppe et al., 1971), but it was only after the dis￾covery of the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase (Saiki et al., 1988; Lawyer et al., 1989) that this technology became easy to use

TOPIC 1 Principles of Transcriptional Regulation [watch the animation] TOPIC 2 Regulation of Transcription Initiation: Examples from Bacteria (Lac operon, alternative s factors, NtrC,MerR, Gal rep, araBAD operon) TOPIC 3 Examples of Gene Regulation after Transcription Initiation (Trp operon) TOPIC 4 The Case of Phage λ: Layers of Regulation

山东大学：《死亡文化与生死教育》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）第四章 濒死体验——Life after life？