A set of interdependent organizations (intermediaries) involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or business user

Any form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. U.S. advertisers spend in excess of $175 billion each year. Advertising is used by: – Business firms, –Nonprofit organizations, –Professionals

投资银行是一种有别与商业银行的新型金融中介机构，是资本市场的灵魂。它虽然冠以“银 行”的名称，但是和一般意义的银行并不相同。一般商业银行主要经营吸收存款、发放贷款、 结算、汇兑等业务，而投资银行主要从事证券发行与承销、证券交易、策划并组织企业并购、 参与基金管理与投资、风险投资以及为企业投资融资提供咨询和顾问等金融服务类业务，以其 画龙点睛之笔，为资本运作提供中介服务，是资本市场上的一种非银行金融中介机构

I. The Mean and the Variance II. Uncertainty and Consumer Behavior III. Uncertainty and the Firm IV. Uncertainty and the Market V. Auctions

I. Introduction to Game Theory II. Simultaneous-Move, One-Shot Games III. Infinitely Repeated Games IV. Finitely Repeated Games V. Multistage Games

I. Perfectly Competition Characteristics and profit outlook Effect of new entrants II. Monopolies Sources of monopoly power. Maximizing monopoly profits. Pros and cons III. Monopolistic Competition

I. Methods of Procuring Inputs Spot Exchange Contracts Vertical Integration II. Transaction Costs Specialized Investments III. Optimal Procurement Input

I. Consumer Behavior Indifference Curve Analysis Consumer Preference Ordering II. Constraints The Budget Constraint Changes in Income Changes in Prices III. Consumer Equilibrium

III. Market Equilibrium IV. Price Restrictions V. Comparative Statics II. Market Supply Curve

Words and Phrases Listen to some predictions some people have made about the business world in the next 20 years or so. Add missing words to the following statements. Tape 1. There’ll be no more ___________, and businesses will only use ________________