Lipids are a class of nonpolar molecules that include the fats, cholesterol, fatty acids, lipid-soluble vitamins, waxes, soaps, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and others. Lipids are found in the membranes of cells, the endoplasmic reticulum and in specialized fat storage cells called adipocytes. Example of lipids

Recombinant DNA technology 1 Restriction enzymes Nucleic acid hybridization DNA cloning 4 Viruses 5 DNA sequencing 6 Polymerase chain reaction

H protein synthesis H1 The genetic code H2 Protein synthesis(translation) in prokaryotes H3 Translation in eukaryotes H4 Protein targeting H5 Protein glycosylation

Section M Nitrogen Metabolism M1. Nitrogen Fixation and Assimilation M2. Amino acid metabolism M3. The urea cycle M4. Hemes and chlorophylls

Section L Respiration and Energy L1. Citric acid cycle L2. Electron transport and oxidative hosphory lation L3. Photosynthesis

Section K Lipid metabolism K1. Structures and roles of fatty acids K2 Fatty acid breakdown K3. Fatty acid synthesis K4 Metabolism of triacylglycerols K5. Cholesterol metabolism K6 Lipoproteins

第十一章蛋白质降解及氨基酸代谢 一、概述 二、氨基酸分解的共同途径 三、氨基酸的合成

第一节概述 第二节脂肪 第三节类脂 第四节生物膜

Arthur Kornberg (1918- ) of the U.S. produced DNA in a test tube. F. Sanger (1918- ) of Britain developed sequencing procedure for proteins, and later for DNA

Functions of Nucleotides RNA and DNA components serving as energy stores for future use in phosphate transfer reactions. These reactions are predominantly carried out by ATP