F and partial diploids The F-factor in a Hfr chromosome can excise out to become an autonomously replicating plasmid If a segment of the chromosome becomes part of the F pp lasmid during excision, the new element is called an F plasmid
1. Base(s) in DNA is (are) changed to other(s), or a base(s) is (are) added or removed. 2. Rearrangements of the chromosomes occur and are also considered