6.001 Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. Copyright o 2004 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6.001 Notes: Section 30.1 Slide 30l1 In this lecture, we are going to go back to several themes that 6.001: Structure and Interpretation of we have been exploring over the past few weeks, and stitch

6.001 Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. Copyright o 2004 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6.001 Notes: Section 6.1 Slide 6.1.1 Types When we first starting talking about Scheme expressions, you may recall we said that(almost )every Scheme expression had

6.001 Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. Copyright o 2004 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6.001 Notes: Section 4.1 Slide 4.1.1 Today ' s topics In this lecture, we are going to take a careful look at the kinds

Beating the Averages Paul Graham (This article is based on a talk given at the Franz Developer in Cambridge, MA, on March 25, 2001 In the summer of 1995, my friend rt morris and i started a startup called Viaweb. Our pla to write software that would let end users build online stores. What was novel about this

In the last lecture, we began looking at the programming This lecture nguage Scheme. with the intent of learning how that anguage would provide a basis for describing procedures and Adding procedures and procedural abstractions

毫无疑问贸易保护对世界福利是一种损害,但如何才能消除贸易壁垒实现自由贸易 呢?我们在前一章已经指出,寄希望于各国自觉采取单边贸易自由化是行不通的,必须各国 达成共识,一起采取行动,才能最终实现自由贸易。但是根据博弈论的观点,国家数目越多, 达成合作结果就越困难,反之当国家数目较少时,就比较容易达成合作

贸易政策是各国政府基于本国某种利益上的考虑,对对外贸易活动所采取干预或 不干预的政策措施。当一国采取干预对外贸易的政策时,其贸易政策措施主要分为两 大类,即关税(tariff)和非关税壁垒(nontariff barriers这些措施会对政策实施国 以及世界其它国家的经济产生影响

二十世纪六、七十年代,国际贸易理论的发展进入一个相对平缓时期,要素禀赋理论 已经日臻完善,在国际贸易理论中占据着绝对统治地位这时,一些学者脱离贸易理论发展 的“主航道”,从其他方面,来探讨国际贸易的新基础,以填补一些主流贸易理论所未涉及 的空白

按照第一章最后一节设定的思路,在介绍了技术差异对国际贸易的决定作用之后,下一 步自然是该放宽第二项条件,即放松各国相对要素禀赋相同这一假设,从要素禀赋差异角度, 来探讨国际贸易的起因与影响。本章主要目的就是介绍从要素禀赋差异角度解释国际贸易基 础的基本理论——要素禀赋理论(Factor Endowment Theory)要素禀赋理论最早是由两位瑞 典经济学家—赫克歇尔(Eli Heckscher)和俄林( Bertil Ohlin)师生俩提出的,后经萨缪 尔森(Paul Samuelson)等人不断加以完善

关于国际贸易发生的原因与影响,最早是由英国古典学派经济学家在劳动价值学说基 础上,从生产成本方面,提出了绝对优势( absolute advantage)与比较优势学说,来说明国 际贸易发生的原因及其影响。古典学派的劳动价值学说认为劳动是唯一的生产要素,生产成 本取决于劳动生产率,因此,劳动生产率就成为国际贸易的重要决定因素。从本质上讲,古 典贸易理论是从技术差异的角度,来解释国际贸易的起因