Capital cost projects begin when a need is defined that cannot be satisfied in existing facilities. Thus begins the life cycle of a capital project (Fig. 1). Once started, the project will progress through all of the following phases or be canceled. It all starts with the recognition of a need that will require capital plant. In the conceptual phase of the project, multiple approaches will be evaluated and one or more plans will be evaluated for meeting these needs

“Evaporation is the removal of solvent as a vapor from a solution or slurry. The vapor may or may not be recovered, depending on its value. The end product may be a solid, but the transfer of heat in the evaporator must be to a solution or a suspension of the solid in liquid if the apparatus is not to be classed as a dryer. Evaporators are similar to stills or re-boilers of distillation

Cross-flow filtration (CFF) also known as tangential flow filtration is not of recent origin. It began with the development of reverse osmosis (RO) more than three decades ago. Industrial RO processes include desalting of sea water and brackish water, and recovery and purification of some fermentation products. The cross-flow membrane filtration technique was next applied to the concentration and fractionation ofmacromolecules commonly recognized

The provision of mass media content over next-generation 3G mobile networks is envi- sioned as an exciting new application of new media. This paper focuses on the mobile Internet as strategic challenge for media and entertainment companies. It provides an overview of distinctive features of the mobile Internet related to personalization, time and location sensitivity, uncertainties b echnology push and market pull, and motiva- tions for engagemer

Muscles Active while Lengthening Consider the example of ordinary exercise, lets say one of the running events in the Olympics. Muscle functions to stop the motion of the athlete as often as it does to start it. When a load larger than isometric tetanus tension To is applied to a muscle in a tetanic state of activation, the muscle lengthens at a constant

Skeletal Consequences of Spaceflight Background Early flights: very little idea of physiological changes to expect -big concerns: respiration, cardiovascular -bone probably wasn't a serious consideration What has been learned in the past 37 years of human spaceflight?

§2-1 化学热力学的体系与状态 The Systems and States of Chemical Thermodynamics §2-2 热力学第一定律和热化学 First Law of Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry §2-3 热化学 Thermochemistry §2-4 热力学第二定律 The Second Law of Thermodynamics §2-5 化学平衡 Chemical Equilibrium

Introduction The growth of mass circulation news-papers in Britain was a direct result of the process of industrialisation during the 18th and 19th centuries During the 18th century, newspaper readership had been largely confined to the upper classes and wealthier sections of the middle class

◼ 1.To learn the most commonly used instruments of payment– bill of exchange, promissory note and cheques. ◼ 2.To learn the methods of payment in international trade– remittance, collection, letter of credit and bank guarantee

◼ 1.To learn the modes of transport,esp. ocean transportation. ◼ 2.To understand the nature of liner transport ◼ 3.To understand the various kinds of B/L ◼ 4.To understand the contents of transport clause