Contents 5. Word-Formation I: the Major Processes 6. Word-Formation: the Minor Processes 7. Motivation

10. Changes in Meaning 11. American English

The term lexicology contains two Greek morphemes: lexikon and logie. The former means \word, the latter means“learningor“the study of

a. Extension of meaning b. Restriction of meaning c. Degeneration of meaning d. Elevation of meaning

Restriction of Meaning Restriction of meaning means that a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower, specialised sense which is applicable to only one of the objects it had previously denoted

THE MOTIVES FOR EUPHEMIZING The motives for generating euphemisms are as diverse and as universal as the range of human emotions

1.Types of dictionaries Monolingual dictionaries vs.bilingual dictionaries Monolingual dictionaries are written in one language, while bilingual dictionaries are written in two languages

Compounding is a process of word formation by which two independent words are put together to make one word. The word formed in this way is c a lled co mpo und

Conversion Conversion is main type of word- formation assigning the base to a different word class with no change of form. For example, the verb release is converted to the noun release

Conceptual Meaning Conceptual Meaning sometimes called denotative\ or cognitive\ meaning) is widely assumed to be the central factor in linguistic communication