3.1 电子轰击源（Electron impact ionization,EI） 3.2 化学电离源（Chemical ionization source, CI） 3.3 场致和场解吸电离源（FI & FD) 3.4 快原子轰击源( Fast atom bombardment, FAB)和液体二次离子质谱 （Liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry, LSIMS） 3.5大气压电离（Atmospheric pressure ionization, API） 3.6 基质辅助激光解吸电离（Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization, MALDI) 3.7 无机质谱电离源 3.8 二次离子质谱(Second ion mass spectrometry, SIMS)

That streams of electrons possess the properties of beams of waves was dis- covered early in 1927 in a large industrial laboratory in the midst of a great city, and in a small university laboratory overlooking a cold and desolate sea. The coincidence seems the more striking when one remembers that facil- ities for making this discovery had been in constant use in laboratories throughout the world for more than a quarter of a century. And yet the coincidence was not, in fact, in any way remarkable. Discoveries in physics are made when the time for making them is ripe, and not before; the stage is set, the time is ripe, and the event occurs-more often than not at widely separated places at almost the same moment

扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,sM可以研究 高分子多相体系的微观相分离结构,聚合物树脂粉料的颗粒形 态,泡沫聚合物的孔径与微孔分布,填充剂和增强材料在聚合 物基体中的分布情况与结合状况,高分子材料的表面、界面和 断口,粘合剂的粘结效果及聚合物涂料的成膜特性等。扫描电 镜之所以有如此广泛的用途是因为它有以下一些独特的优点:

Medical genetics Mitochondria are extremely small (from.002-008 millimeters in length) rice-shaped structures whose details can only be seen with the electron microscope

Abstract Fermentation is the processes in which microbial population functions. Those processes are supported and maintained by the three kinds of flow: 1. the electron flow which operates along with energy-form transformation, 2. the metabolite fluxes which operate along with dissimilation and assimilation, 3. the information flow which operates along with the metabolic regulations in different levels. On the basis of the analysis of the operation rules of above three kinds of flow, the three basic viewpoints of industrial fermentation are put

氧化磷酸化(oxidative phosphorylation) 是指细胞内伴随有机物氧化,利用生物氧化 过程中释放的自由能,促使ADP与无机磷酸 结合生成ATP的过程

一、多酚氧化酶系统 存在于微粒体中,含Cu,由 脱氢酶、醌还酶、酚氧化酶组 成。在植物体内普遍存在

§3.1氢原子 §3.2电子自旋 §3.3泡利原理 §3.4各种原子核外电子的排布 §3.6激光 §3.7分子的转动和振动能级

电子能谱 根据激发源的不同,电子能谱又分为: X射线光电子能谱(简称XPS) X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer) 紫外光电子能谱(简称UPS) (Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrometer) 俄歇电子能谱(简称AES) (Auger Electron Spectrometer)