Bacteria that cause: Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Infection Viruses that cause: Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Infection Fungi that cause: Respiratory Infection

第一节 细菌感染的实验室诊断 laboratory diagnosis of bacterial infection 第二节 细菌感染的特异性防治 specific prevention and treatment of bacterial infection 第三节 细菌感染的抗菌药物治疗原则 the principles of antimicrobial therapy for bacterial infection

Manifestations of Infection: Signs and symptoms vary according to the site and severity of infection. Diagnosis requires a composite of information, including history, physical examination, radiographic findings, and laboratory data. Microbial Causes of Infection: Infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The pathogen may be exogenous (acquired from environmental or animal sources or from other persons) or endogenous (from the normal flora)

第一节 病毒的致病作用 pathogenesis of viral diseases 持续性病毒感染 persistent viral infection 第二节 抗病毒免疫 固有免疫 适应性免疫

Wang Xiaochuan Children’s Hospital Immunocompromised Host Individual who has one or more defects in the body’s natural defense mechanisms which are sufficiently severe to predispose the host to life￾threatening infection Primary - PID, damage to anatomical barriers Secondary - infection, tumor, drug, others Physiology- Infants, aged

Bacteremia and Septicemia Bacteremia: a more benign infection with entrance of bacteria into the bloodstream, but in limited quantities. Septicemia: an overwhelming infection with more organism or more virulent organisms that is likely to lead to shock or other complications

17.1 Introduction 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 17.3 The mating response activates a G protein 17.4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17.5 The MAT locus codes for regulator proteins 17.6 Silent cassettes at HML and HMR are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17.8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17.10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17.12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17.14 Transfer of T-DNA resembles bacterial conjugation 17.15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17.16 Transfection introduces exogenous DNA into cells 17.17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17.18 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17.19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out

• normal flora and opportunistic pathogen • 细菌的致病作用 • 宿主的免疫机制 • 感染的发生与发展 • hospital infection

外科感染(surgical infection)是指需要外科治疗的感染，包括创伤、手术、烧伤等并发的感染。感染是由病原体的入侵、滞留和繁殖而引起，病原体包括病毒、细菌、真菌和原虫等

水稻侵染性病害( Rice infection disease)全世界报道近200种,其中真菌病害140余种,细 菌病害12种,病毒及类菌原体病害22种以及与水稻有关的寄生线虫30余种。中国已发现的 真菌病害50余种,细菌病害6种,病毒及类菌原体1种,线虫病害4种。在辽宁和吉林省已 发现侵染性病害有20多种,但在黑龙江省只发现10余种。全世界引起巨大损失的主要有稻瘟 病、纹枯病、稻白叶枯病和东格鲁病