3.1 Common feature of spontaneous change 3.2 The second law of thermodynamics 3.3 Carnot cycle and Carnot principle 3.4 Definition of entropy 3.5 Clausius inequality; principle of increase of entropy 3.6 Calculate the change of entropy 3.7 Statistical view of entropy

Preservative packagings for fresh meats should maintain acceptable appearance odour and flavour for product, while allowing the development of desirable characteristics associated with ageing and retarding the onset of microbial spoilage(Taylor, 1985). Such effects can be achieved by packaging meats under various atmospheres of oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and/or nitrogen. The atmosphere within a pack may alter during storage, because of reactions between components of the atmosphere and the product, and/or because of transmission of gases into or out of the pack through the packaging

Conceptual models are descriptions of our understanding of system that are used to shape the implementation of solutions to problems. 58 The quality and quantum of innovation that will occur in development of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) strongly depends upon the insights gained from robust conceptual models of components of MAP. In this chapter, we outline a number of simple principles about modified atmosphere(MA) systems that we believe will assist industries that apply MA technology to move beyond the rather

6.1 烯烃的结构和异构 Structure and Isomerism of Alkenes 6.2 烯烃的命名 Nomenclature of Alkenes 6.3 烯烃的制备 Preparation of Alkenes 6.4 烯烃的催化氢化及相对稳定性 catalytic hydrogenation and Relative Stability of Alkenes 6.5 烯烃亲电加成的反应 Electrophilic Addition Reactions 6.6 烯烃的自由基加成 Radical Addition of Alkenes 6.7 烯烃的氧化反应 Oxidation of Alkenes 6.8 硼氢化反应 Hydroboration of Alkenes 6.9 聚合反应 Polymerization 6.10 烯烃的α-H卤代反应 α-Halogenation 6.11 烯烃与卡宾加成反应 Addition of Carbenes

§6.1 狭义相对论的实验基础 Experiment Foundations of the Special Theory of Relativity §6.2 狭义相对论的基本原理 Fundamental Principles of The Special Theory of Relativity §6.3 闵可斯基空间和洛仑兹变换 Minkowski Space and Lorentz Transformation §6.4 相对论的时空性质 Space-Time Property of the Special Theory of Relativity §6.5 相对论力学 Relativistic Mechanics §6.6 电磁规律的相对性理论 Relativity Theory of Electromagnetic Law

Number Theory 1. Six proofs of the infinity of primes …… 3. Binomial coefficients are (almost) never powers 4. Representing numbers as sums of two squares …… 8. Some irrational numbers 9. Three times π2/6 Geometry 10. Hilbert’s third problem: decomposing polyhedra63 11. Lines in the plane and decompositions of graphs …… 15. The Borromean rings don’t exist …… 17. Every large point set has an obtuse angle 18. Borsuk’s conjecture Analysis …… 21. The fundamental theorem of algebra …… 25. Cotangent and the Herglotz trick 26. Buffon’s needle problem Combinatorics 27. Pigeon-hole and double counting …… 32. Cayley’s formula for the number of trees 33. Identities versus bijections …… 36. The Dinitz problem247 37. Permanents and the power of entropy253 …… 41. Communicating without errors 42. The chromatic number of Kneser graphs …… 44. Probability makes counting (sometimes) easy

Foreword he State of the World's Forests reports every two years on the status of forests, recent major policy and institutional developments and key issues concerning the forest sector. This is the fourth edition of the publication, the purpose of which is to make current, reliable and policy-relevant information widely available to polic makers, foresters and other natural resource managers, academics, forest industry and civil society. Our hope is that it will facilitate informed discussion and decision making with regard to the world,s forests As we approach the benchmark year of 2002, the tenth anniversary of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), it is an opportune moment to take stock of the progress

❖ 2.1 有机反应的选择性 Selectivity of organic reactions ❖ 2.2 烷烃的官能团化 Functionalization of alkanes ❖ 2.3 烯烃的官能团化 Functionalization of alkenes ❖ 2.4 炔烃的官能团化 Functionalization of alkynes ❖ 2.5 芳烃的官能团化 Functionalization of aromatic hydrocarbons ❖ 2.6 取代苯基衍生物的官能团化 Functionalization of benzene derivatives ❖ 2.7 简单杂环化合物的官能团化 Functionalization of simple heterocyclics ❖ 2.8 官能团的相互转化 Interconversion of functional group

The Fourth method: Definition a dictionary will give you two different definitions of the word definition: ( \a statement of what a thing is\and(2)a\a statement or explanation of what a word or phrase means or has meant. \ In the strict sense a definition as we shall use the word here is not of a thing. but of a word or of a process The process of making a definition is not, however, a mere game of words. It is clear that we cannot make a usefu

The Economics of Public International Law Alan O. Sykes\ Abstract: This paper is a preliminary draft for eventual inclusion in the Handbook of Law and Economics, A. Mitchell Polinsky Steven Shavell editors. It reviews and synthesizes the work of economists and law and economics scholars in the field of public international law. The bulk of that work has been in the area of international trade, but many of the ideas in the trade literature have implications for other subfields