本章主题 ◆操作系统安装位置 ◆操作系统的功能 ◆操作系统的结构 ◆需要操作系统吗? 多A*硬件接口 ◆操作系统的接口
本章主题 操作系统安装位置 操作系统的功能 操作系统的结构 需要操作系统吗? 硬件接口 操作系统的接口
摩尔定理 1000000 MOORE'S LAW 100 10000 1a0a0 10.00 10197i1s1351o1950205 YEAR OF ITAODUCTION 芯片中的晶体管和电阻器的数量每年会翻番
摩尔定理 芯片中的晶体管和电阻器的数量每年会翻番
现代信息社会 The world is a large parallel system Microprocessors in everything Vast infrastructure behind them Internet Connectivity Scalable Reliable Secure Services Databases Information Collection Remote Storage Online Games Commerce
现代信息社会
人均处理器拥有量 From David Culler streaming 8 information to/from physical world year Today: Multiple CPUs/person Approaching 100s?
人均处理器拥有量
Intel 80-core multicore chip (Feb 2007 80 simple cores Two floating point engines /core Mesh-like"network-on-a-chi 100 million transistors 65nm feature size Frequency Voltage Power Bandw idth performance 3.16 GHz 0.95V 62W 1.62 Terabits/s 1.01 Teraflops 5.1 GHz 1.2V 175W 2.61 Terabits/s 1.63 Teraflops 5.7 GHz 1.35 V 265W 2.92 Terabits/s 1.81 Teraflops Many Core"refers to many processors/chip 64? 128? Hard to say exact boundary How to program these? Use 2 CPUs for video/audio Use 1 for word processor, 1 for browser 76 for virus checking?
能耗问题 10000 1000 R⊙ cket Noz 100 Nuclear Reactor 10 Hot Plate 96199200020 Power Density Becomes Too High to Cool Chips inexpensively Moores Law Extrapolation Potential power density reaching amazing levels Flip side: Battery life very important Moore's law can yield more functionality at equivalent (or less) total energy consumption
能耗问题
Layers and Views of a Computer System 计算机系统的分层结构 End User 用户 Programmer 程序员 Application Programs应用软件 Utilities工具软件 编辑/编译汇编软件 Operating-Syst Designer 操作系统设计人员 Operating-System操作系统 Computer hardware硬件
Layers and Views of a Computer System 计算机系统的分层结构 End User 用户 Programmer 程序员 Operating-System Designer 操作系统设计人员 Computer Hardware 硬件 Operating-System操作系统 Utilities工具软件 编辑/编译/汇编软件 Application Programs应用软件