HLA分型技术
1 HLA分型技术
Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC)WhatisMHC?_HLA- H-2Minorrhistocompatibility antigens
2 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ➢ What is MHC? – HLA – H-2 – Minor histocompatibility antigens
Significance of the MHCroleinimmuneresponse> role in organ transplantation> role in predisposition to disease
3 Significance of the MHC ➢ role in immune response ➢ role in organ transplantation ➢ role in predisposition to disease
Genetic barriers to transplantationautologous:inthe sameisograftindividual (autograft)商isologous:betweengeneticallyIdenticalallograftindividuals (isograft),i.e.,autograftidenticaltwins(inbred惠animals)商homologous:betweenindividuals of the samexenograftspecies (allograft)heterologous:betweenindividualsdifferentspecies(xenograft)
5 Genetic barriers to transplantation • autologous: in the same individual (autograft) • isologous: between genetically Identical individuals (isograft), i.e., identical twins (inbred animals) • homologous: between individuals of the same species (allograft) • heterologous: between individuals different species (xenograft)
Principles of transplantationDonorRecipientGraftHostAHostAacceptedGraftHostBHostArejectedGraftHostBHostAxBacceptedGraftHostAxBHostBrejected
6 Principles of transplantation
Minor histocompatibility antigensand graft survivalminor histocompatibility antigens alsocause rejectionThe rejection time is variable butlongerthanthatformajorhistocompatibilityantigenThey have additive effects
7 Minor histocompatibility antigens and graft survival ➢ minor histocompatibility antigens also cause rejection ➢ The rejection time is variable but longer than that for major histocompatibility antigen ➢ They have additive effects
Graft versus host (GVH)diseaseAnimal X-irradiatedDonorAnimalApriortotransplant(immunocompromized)ImmunocompetentcellsRecipientAxBRecipientCDivision of donorcellsRecipientsanimals die
8 Graft versus host (GVH) disease
GVH disease in humans
9 GVH disease in humans
The human MHC genesclassIlclassDQDRDP4BADRDPDQ10
10 The human MHC genes class II class I DP DQ DR B C A B C A DP DQ DR 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 9
The mouse MHC genesclass IIclass IIIclass Iclass I(C4, factor-B,TNF, etc.)KD00.00XAE
11 The mouse MHC genes I K D A E class I class II class III class I (C4, factor-B,TNF, etc.)