Congenital Heart Disease(CHD)
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)
Summary+CHD,themost common cardiac disease inchildren￥Critical time of embryotic cardiacdevelopment: second to eighth week ofgestation￥Incidence:7~8/1000
S um m ary CHD,the most common cardiac disease in children Critical time of embryotic cardiac development: second to eighth week of gestation Incidence:7～8/1000
EtiologyCHD result from interaction between geneticand environmental factorsGenetic factors: single mutant genes/chromosomalabnormalities/multifactorial genefactorsEnvironmentalfactors: fetal environment/viralinfection
CHD result from interaction between genetic and environmental factors Genetic factors: single mutant genes/chromosomal abnormalities/multifactorial gene factors Environmental factors: fetal environment/viral infection E tiology
ClassificationAccording to Hemodynamics*left-to-rightshunts(withoutcyanosis)egVSD,ASD,PDA,et al+ right-to-left shunts (with cyanosis) egTOF,TGA,etal? no shuntat all(withoutcyanosis) egPs,AS,etal
Classification cyanosis) eg According to Hemodynamics: left-to-right shunts (without VSD,ASD,PDA,et al right-to-left shunts (with cyanosis) eg TOF,TGA,et al no shunt at all (w ithout cyanosis) eg PS,AS,et al
+Ventricular SeptalDefect(VSD)?Atria Septal Defect(ASD)+Patent Ductus Arteriosus(PDA)+Tetralogy ofFallot(TOF)
Ventricular Septal Defect(VSD) Atria Septal Defect(ASD) Patent Ductus Arteriosus(PDA) Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)
Ventricular Septal Defect(VSD)
Ventricular Septal Defect (V S D )
O utlineIncidence andrate of natural closure?Pathological anatomyPathophysiologyand HemodynamicsClinicalManifestationsAssistant ExaminationesElectrocardiogram/X-ray/Echocardiography/Cardiac Catheterization and AngiocardiographyComplications?Treatment
O utline Incidence and rate of natural closure Pathological anatomy Pathophysiology and Hemodynamics Clinical Manifestations Assistant Examinationes Electrocardiogram/X-ray/ Echocardiography/ Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography C om plications Treatment
Incidence andrate of natural closureVSDisthemostcommonofall CHDaccounting for approximately 30 to 60%of all full-term newborn with CHD.Most tiny muscular and perimembranousdefects（<0.5cm) havehigh chance ofspontaneous closure within 6 to 12months after birth
Incidence and rate of natural closure VSD is the most common of all CHD, accounting for approximately 30 to 60% of all full-term newborn with CHD. Most tiny muscular and perimembranous defects（＜0.5cm）have high chance of spontaneous closure within 6 to 12 months after birth
Pathological anatomysupracristalSupracristalperimembranous:60-70%benimembranousMuscular defect:muscular
Pathological anatomy Supracristal perimembranous： 60-70% Muscular defect：
