谐振子 H=2 (p2+C2x2) =(aa+aa+)/2 1c、1/2 (x十 2左 p) 2左
谐振子 ) (ˆ ˆ) 2 ( ) (ˆ ˆ) 2 ( ( )/ 2 ( ˆ ) 2 1 1/ 2 1/ 2 2 2 2 p i a x p i a x a a aa H p x = − = + = + = + + + +
玻色代数 a=O 粒子数算符N
玻色代数 ◼ 粒子数算符N + + + + + + = − = = = = a N a a N a a a a a a a N a a [ , ] [ , ] [ , ] 0 [ , ] 0 [ , ] 1
粒子数本征态 內x=叫x KOo> 727 ≥|z><
粒子数本征态 , 1 0 ! 1 0 0 1 4, 3, 0 2, 1 1, 0 min = = = = = = = + m n n n a n n Normalization n n n N n n n m n n
矩阵元 00O N=o02 mn)=√n+16 刀n+1 000
矩阵元 = = + = + + + . . . . 0 2 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 2 . . 0 1 0 . . 0 0 0 . . , 1 a m a n n N m n
能级 En=(n Hn)=n(N+1/2)hon =(n+1/2O 000 0300 H=ho0050 0007
能级 = = + = = + . 0 0 0 7 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 ( 1/ 2) ( 1/ 2) H n En n H n n N n
常用矩阵元 mxn)=(-)y2(√m+1nn+√n+16mm) e )2(√m+16n √n+1nn1) 0 20 0√20√3 2 0√30
常用矩阵元 = = + − + = + + + + + + + . . . . . 0 0 3 0 . 0 2 0 3 . 1 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 2 ( ) ( 1 1 ) 1 ( ) ( 1 1 ) 1/ 2 1, , 1 1/ 2 1, , 1 1/ 2 x m n i m p n m x n m n m n m n m n m n