Unit 7 On Not answering the Telephone 郧阳师专英语系综合英语教研室
Unit 7 On Not Answering the Telephone 郧阳师专英语系综合英语教研室
Background knowledge The author William Plomer(1903-1973), South African writer born of English parents. His works include novels, short stories poems and biographies, but he is best known for his short stories
Background knowledge ▪ The Author: ▪ William Plomer (1903-1973), South African writer born of English parents. His works include novels, short stories, poems and biographies, but he is best known for his short stories
Four types of the text Description (H i)is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene Narration(ifX)writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, new items, and narrative poems. Exposition (i a])is perhaps the type of writing that is more frequently used by a student, a scientist, or a professional, exposition means expounding or explaining Argumentation(iX i) essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, and to approve a policy or a course of action that it proposes
Four types of the text ▪ Description(描述) is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene. ▪ Narration (记叙)writing includes stories , real or imaginary, biographies, histories, new items, and narrative poems. ▪ Exposition(说明) is perhaps the type of writing that is more frequently used by a student, a scientist, or a professional, exposition means expounding or explaining. ▪ Argumentation(议论) essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it, to persuade him to change his mind or behavior, and to approve a policy or a course of action that it proposes
Type of Reading one Apart from a debatable point, sufficient evidence clear logic and good use of the other three types of writing --description, narration, and especially the various method of exposition are also indispensable for a well-written argumentative essay Argumentation frequently makes use of the other three types of writing---description, narration, and above all exposition, for argumentation and exposition are very closely related
Type of Reading One Apart from a debatable point, sufficient evidence, clear logic and good use of the other three types of writing- --description, narration, and especially the various method of exposition are also indispensable for a well-written argumentative essay. Argumentation frequently makes use of the other three types of writing---description, narration, and above all exposition, for argumentation and exposition are very closely related
Type of Reading one It is obvious that good logic is even more important to argumentation- than any other types of writing. There are generally two ways of reasoning a)Inductive reasoning When you use induction, you start with facts and proceed from facts to a general conclusion. In other words, you move from specific examples to a general statement
Type of Reading One It is obvious that good logic is even more important to argumentation than any other types of writing. There are generally two ways of reasoning: (a) Inductive reasoning When you use induction, you start with facts and proceed from facts to a general conclusion. In other words, you move from specific examples to a general statement
Type of Reading one Here is an example of a syllogism A All human beings make mistakes B. X is a human being C. Therefore X makes mistakes From the above example we can see that the major premise must be an accepted generalization, and the minor, a factual example of that generalization. If A and B are true, c the conclusion is bound to be true
Type of Reading One Here is an example of a syllogism: A. All human beings make mistakes. B. X is a human being. C. Therefore, X makes mistakes. From the above example we can see that the major premise must be an accepted generalization, and the minor, a factual example of that generalization. If A and B are true, C the conclusion is bound to be true
Type of Reading one (b)Deductive reasoning The process is just the opposite of inductive reasoning---it moves from a general statement to a specific conclusion. It works on the model of syllogism---a three part argument in which there are two statements, known as the major premise and the minor premise, and a conclusion
Type of Reading One (b) Deductive reasoning The process is just the opposite of inductive reasoning---it moves from a general statement to a specific conclusion. It works on the model of syllogism---a threepart argument in which there are two statements, known as the major premise and the minor premise, and a conclusion
Writing style and structure of Reading one This text is an argumentative essay in which the writer argues for a proposition that it is unnecessary to have a telephone because it brings more trouble than help.The way he develops his argument is inductive, that is, he uses large numbers of examples to prove his point This essay can be divided into three major parts 1Introduction. (para 1) The writer puts forward a premise on with he bases his argument. The sentence I just haven't got a telephone. most clearly establishes the subject and draws he reader into the essay 2. The Body(paras. 2-6)
Writing style and structure of Reading One ▪ This text is an argumentative essay in which the writer argues for a proposition: that it is unnecessary to have a telephone because it brings more trouble than help. The way he develops his argument is inductive, that is, he uses large numbers of examples to prove his point. ▪ This essay can be divided into three major parts: ▪ 1. Introduction. (para.1) ▪ The writer puts forward a premise on with he bases his argument. The sentence “I just haven’t got a telephone.”most clearly establishes the subject and draws the reader into the essay. ▪ 2. The Body (paras. 2-6) ▪
Writing Style and Structure of Reading One (1) Para 2 a. The writer can live a normal life without a telephone b. A telephone is a pest and a time-waster (2) Para 3 To have a telephone at home is a nuisance (3)Para 4 Without a telephone, news either good or bad, will reach anyone just as quickly (4)Para 5 To have one's name and address printed in a telephone
Writing Style and Structure of Reading One (1) Para 2 a. The writer can live a normal life without a telephone. b. A telephone is a pest and a time-waster. (2) Para 3 To have a telephone at home is a nuisance. (3) Para 4 Without a telephone, news either good or bad, will reach anyone just as quickly. (4) Para 5 To have one’s name and address printed in a telephone
Writing Style and Structure of Reading One directory will bring one a world of troubles (5)Telephone at home is not of much use even in case of emergency 3. Conclusion(para 7) The last paragraph makes a convincing finish in which the writer draws a conclusion from his preceding argument
Writing Style and Structure of Reading One directory will bring one a world of troubles. (5) A telephone at home is not of much use even in case of emergency. 3. Conclusion (para 7) The last paragraph makes a convincing finish in which the writer draws a conclusion from his preceding argument
