Chapter Three Section Two Differences between Chineseand Englishand Chinese-English Translation(1）英语词汇有形态变化。英语通过词汇的形态变化，表示右子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关（一）英汉语言的系。汉语基本没有形态变化，它差异主要靠词语、词序及暗含的逻辑关系表达出来。翻译对策：汉译英时，应把英语的时态语态、情态、语气等用英语的形态变化表现出来汉英田翠茶择
(1) 英语词汇有形态变化。英 语通过词汇的形态变化，表示句 子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关 系。汉语基本没有形态变化，它 主要靠词语、词序及暗含的逻辑 关系表达出来。 翻译对策：汉译英时，应把英语的时态、 语态、情态、语气等用英语的形态变化表 现出来 Chapter Three Section Two Differences between Chinese and English and Chinese-English Translation (一）英汉语言的 差异
例如：★听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来I could have laughed to hear him talk like this★随着经济的发展，我国大城市的环境问题日益严重，极大地威胁着人民群众的身体健康In China, with the development of economy,the environmental problems in big cities aregetting more and more serious, thus greatlyendangering ourpeople'shealth
例如： ★听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来。 I could have laughed to hear him talk like this. ★ 随着经济的发展，我国大城市的环境问题日益严 重，极大地威胁着人民群众的身体健康。 In China, with the development of economy, the environmental problems in big cities are getting more and more serious, thus greatly endangering our people’s health
汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation中国的铁路系统正在逐步进行改革，以便适应社会经济发展的需要China's railwaysystem is beingreformed graduallyin order tomeetthe economic needsofsociety汉英田翠茶蕾译
China’s railway system is being reformed gradually in order to meet the economic needs of society. 中国的铁路系统正在逐步进行 改革，以便适应社会经济发展 的需要
汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation英语的名词、介词、形容词、副词表达能力强，汉2语的动词、词组、和短句构成了汉语的优势，汉译英时应把英语的优势体现出来。例如：他只要听到几句恭维话就会得意忘形Afew flattery would make himcarriedaway一星期没洗澡，一身臭汗。Iamsmelling of seven-day-oldsweat.汉英翻译田翠茶
（2） 英语的名词、介词、形容词、副词表达能力强，汉 语的动词、词组、和短句构成了汉语的优势，汉译英时 应把英语的优势体现出来。例如： ◼ 他只要听到几句恭维话就会得意忘形。 ◼ A few flattery would make him carried away. ◼ 一星期没洗澡，一身臭汗。 ◼ I am smelling of seven-day-old sweat
汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation但我现在的事，已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。But there had been too much publicity about mycase.Gossip had been retailed about my case.★他办事效率高。He is efficient.★她身体虽弱，但思想健康。She is physically weak, but mentally sound.★党的于部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。Party officials worked long hours on meager food, incold caves and by dim lamps.友英田翠蒙翻译
◼ 但我现在的事，已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 ◼ But there had been too much publicity about my case. ◼ Gossip had been retailed about my case. ◼ ★ 他办事效率高。 ◼ He is efficient. ◼ ★ 她身体虽弱，但思想健康。 ◼ She is physically weak, but mentally sound. ◼ ★ 党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的 灯光，长时间地工作。 ◼ Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves and by dim lamps
汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation(3）汉语修辞有时色彩浓重一些，“大词”的使用频率偏高。英语一般不这样，在在汉译英时应特别留心这一问题，建议降调处理。★炉子上的火苗，随着风箱低沉沉的吼声一闪一闪的。 The furnace flashed in rhythm with theflip-flap of the bellows.★这对真正理解这本书干分重要It is fundamental to a trueunderstanding of the book.)汉英田翠禁翻译
(3) 汉语修辞有时色彩浓重一些，“大词”的使用频率偏 高。英语一般不这样，在在汉译英时应特别留心这一问 题，建议降调处理。 ◼ ★ 炉子上的火苗，随着风箱低沉沉的吼 声一闪一闪的。 ◼ The furnace flashed in rhythm with the flip-flap of the bellows. ◼ ★ 这对真正理解这本书十分重要。 ◼ It is fundamental to a true understanding of the book.)
汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation■★要进一步简化手续，及时地积极地从国外引进，并且认真组织科学技术人员和广大职工做好消化和推广工作。 We should simplify the procedures inimporting the advanced techniques weurgently need, and invite scientists, technicalpersonnel and others involved to get agood understanding of thesetechniques and to further extend them汉英田翠禁翻译
◼ ★ 要进一步简化手续，及时地积极地从国外引 进，并且认真组织科学技术人员和广大职工做 好消化和推广工作。 ◼ We should simplify the procedures in importing the advanced techniques we urgently need, and invite scientists, technical personnel and others involved to get a good understanding of these techniques and to further extend them
汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation试修改下列的英译文，1.深入批判 to denouncedeeply2.彻底粉碎 tothoroughlyfoil3.广泛开展towidelylaunch4.严肃处理 to seriouslypunish5.正确理解to correctly understand6.人类文化humanculture7.相互交流mutualexchange8.难忘的记忆 an unforgettablememory9.不必要的浪费unnecessarywaste10.不应有的误解unnecessarymisunderstandings11.不切实际的幻想impracticalillusion12.毫无根据的谤groundlessslander13.耳朵听得见，眼晴看得见audibletotheearandvisibletotheeye友英田翠蒙翻译
试修改下列的英译文。 ◼ 1. 深入批判 to denounce deeply ◼ 2. 彻底粉碎 to thoroughly foil ◼ 3. 广泛开展 to widely launch ◼ 4. 严肃处理 to seriously punish ◼ 5. 正确理解 to correctly understand ◼ 6. 人类文化 human culture ◼ 7. 相互交流 mutual exchange ◼ 8. 难忘的记忆 an unforgettable memory ◼ 9. 不必要的浪费 unnecessary waste ◼ 10. 不应有的误解 unnecessary misunderstandings ◼ 11. 不切实际的幻想 impractical illusion ◼ 12. 毫无根据的诽谤 groundless slander ◼ 13. 耳朵听得见，眼睛看得见 audible to the ear and visible to the eye
汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation1, 深入批判 to denounce2.彻底粉碎tofoil3.广泛开展topromote4.严肃处理 to punish5.正确理解nottomisunderstand,tounderstand6.人类文化culture7. 相互交流exchange8. 难忘的记忆 lasting memory9．不必要的浪费waste that may otherwise beavoided10.不应有的误解unfortunate misunderstandings11.不切实际的幻想fondhope/wish/expectation;to fondly imagine12．毫无根据的谤groundless allegations (断言);slander13.耳朵听得见，眼晴看得见，audibleandvisible；aurally and visually perceptible; have good sight andhearing友英田翠蒙翻译
◼ 1. 深入批判 to denounce ◼ 2. 彻底粉碎 to foil ◼ 3. 广泛开展 to promote ◼ 4. 严肃处理 to punish ◼ 5. 正确理解 not to misunderstand, to understand ◼ 6. 人类文化 culture ◼ 7. 相互交流 exchange ◼ 8. 难忘的记忆 lasting memory ◼ 9. 不必要的浪费 waste that may otherwise be avoided ◼ 10. 不应有的误解 unfortunate misunderstandings ◼ 11. 不切实际的幻想 fond hope/wish/expectation ; ◼ to fondly imagine ◼ 12. 毫无根据的诽谤 groundless allegations (断言); slander ◼ 13. 耳朵听得见，眼睛看得见 audible and visible； aurally and visually perceptible; have good sight and hearing
汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation体育：全民健身活动广泛开展 Sports: The National Fit-keeping Program wasfully promoted.广泛开展健身运动，增强人民健康水平Physical exercises should be widely promotedfor the sake of the people's health.(Population and Development in the 21stCentury中国21世纪人口与发展）汉英翻译田翠茶
◼ 体育:全民健身活动广泛开展。 ◼ Sports: The National Fit-keeping Program was fully promoted. ◼ 广泛开展健身运动，增强人民健康水平 Physical exercises should be widely promoted for the sake of the people's health. (Population and Development in the 21st Century 中国21世纪人口与发展 )