Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking Part Two Backgroumd Iformation W BTL E ENTER
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking Part Two ENTER
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking Background Information Contents I。 Sigmund Freud 工 Puritan III Quaker W BTL E BAC
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund Freud II. Puritan III. Quaker Background Information
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund freud Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in the small town of Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czechoslovakia When Freud was about three years old, the family moved to Vienna, the capital city of austria Freud was intelligent and hard-working at school he decided to study medicine and become a doctor so he enrolled in the medical school of the University of Vienna W BTL E To be continued on the next page
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in the small town of Freiberg, Moravia, which is now in Czechoslovakia. When Freud was about three years old, the family moved to Vienna, the capital city of Austria. Freud was intelligent and hard-working at school, he decided to study medicine and become a doctor, so he enrolled in the medical school of the University of Vienna. I. Sigmund Freud To be continued on the next page
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund freud While he was still at university, Freud decided to specialize in neurology the study and treatment of the brain and the nervous system. From 1859 until 1938, Sigmund Freud was a doctor in vienna In March 1938, Freud came to london to flee from the nazis after the german annexation of austria In 1939, he died in his study at 20 Maresfield Garden, London W BTL E To be continued on the next page
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking While he was still at university, Freud decided to specialize in neurology, the study and treatment of the brain and the nervous system. From 1859 until 1938, Sigmund Freud was a doctor in Vienna. In March 1938, Freud came to London to flee from the Nazis after the German annexation of Austria. In 1939, he died in his study at 20 Maresfield Garden, London. I. Sigmund Freud To be continued on the next page
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund freud What is Psychoanalysis? Freud: Some Elementary Lessons in Psychoanalysis, 回a口 Psychoanalysis is part of the mental science of psychology. It is also described as depth psychology!. If someone asks what the psychical really means, it is easy to reply by enumerating its constituents: our perceptions ideas, memories, feelings and acts of volition all these form part of what is psychical 1938 W BTL E To be continued on the next page
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking What is Psychoanalysis? Freud: Some Elementary Lessons in Psychoanalysis, “Psychoanalysis is part of the mental science of psychology. It is also described as ‘depth psychology’... If someone asks what ‘the psychical’ really means, it is easy to reply by enumerating its constituents: our perceptions, ideas, memories, feelings and acts of volition— all these form part of what is psychical.” —1938 I. Sigmund Freud To be continued on the next page
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund freud As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior. These unconscious factors may create unhappiness, sometimes in the form of recognizable symptoms and at other times as troubling personality traits, difficulties in work or in love relationships, or disturbances in mood and self-esteem W BTL E To be continued on the next page
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior. These unconscious factors may create unhappiness, sometimes in the form of recognizable symptoms and at other times as troubling personality traits, difficulties in work or in love relationships, or disturbances in mood and self-esteem. I. Sigmund Freud To be continued on the next page
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund freud Freud developed the theory of Psychoanalysis and the method of helping people he called free association. With free association Freud simply asked his patients to lie on the couch and say anything that came into their heads. He tried to interpret what they said by relating it to the repressed ideas and wishes in the unconsciousness In this way he hoped that things which were unconscious would gradually become consciouS,So that the patient would have more control over them and they would not be able to affect him or her so much W BTL E To be continued on the next page
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking Freud developed the theory of Psychoanalysis and the method of helping people he called free association. With free association Freud simply asked his patients to lie on the couch and say anything that came into their heads. He tried to interpret what they said by relating it to the repressed ideas and wishes in the unconsciousness. In this way he hoped that things which were unconscious would gradually become conscious, so that the patient would have more control over them and they would not be able to affect him or her so much. I. Sigmund Freud To be continued on the next page
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund freud The interpretation of Dreams Freud realized that some of the ideas that affect people are unconscious -we do not know about them even though they are in our own minds. Freud said that this means that people may do things without knowing the real reason why they are doing it The unconscious is full of memories and ideas from early childhood, but they are repressed" and made unconscious because they are things we don't want to think about, or they are forbidden. Sometimes the repressed ideas from childhood could show themselves in dreams or nightmares W BTL E To be continued on the next page
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking The Interpretation Of Dreams Freud realized that some of the ideas that affect people are unconscious—we do not know about them even though they are in our own minds. Freud said that this means that people may do things without knowing the real reason why they are doing it. The unconscious is full of memories and ideas from early childhood, but they are “repressed” and made unconscious because they are things we don’t want to think about, or they are forbidden. Sometimes the repressed ideas from childhood could show themselves in dreams or nightmares. I. Sigmund Freud To be continued on the next page
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund freud Freud says that dreams are about all the things we wish for. But rather than just wishing for something the dream shows us a picture as if the wish has come true. So instead of thinking I wish I had an ice-cream a dream shows you actually eating the ice-cream! But sometimes you are not allowed to have an ice-cream. Freud says that the wish is often forbidden so it becomes unconscious and repressed So part of you wants to make the wish come true and part of you wants to stop the wish. Because of this the wish is disguised which means that the dream has to be interpreted before it makes sense W BTL E To be continued on the next page
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking Freud says that dreams are about all the things we wish for. But rather than just wishing for something, the dream shows us a picture as if the wish has come true. So instead of thinking “I wish I had an ice-cream”, a dream shows you actually eating the ice-cream! But sometimes you are not allowed to have an ice-cream. Freud says that the wish is often forbidden, so it becomes unconscious and repressed. So part of you wants to make the wish come true and part of you wants to stop the wish. Because of this the wish is disguised, which means that the dream has to be interpreted before it makes sense. I. Sigmund Freud To be continued on the next page
Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund freud Look at the cartoon ofa french Nurse's Dream" reproduced in The Interpretation of Dreams. Describe what happens in the dream. How do you think the events of the dream relate to the daily life of the dreamer? What is the meaning or symbolism of the dream-element water in the dream? Look at it. Imagine that, instead of the nurser this is a dream dreamed by the little child W BTL E To be continued on the next page
W B T L E Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking I. Sigmund Freud To be continued on the next page. Look at the cartoon of “A French Nurse’s Dream” reproduced in The Interpretation of Dreams. Describe what happens in the dream. How do you think the events of the dream relate to the daily life of the dreamer? What is the meaning or symbolism of the dream-element “water” in the dream? Look at it. Imagine that, instead of the nurse, this is a dream dreamed by the little child