1 Computer Abstractions and Technology 2 2 Instructions: Language of the Computer 74 3 Arithmetic for Computers 222 4 The Processor 298 5 Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy 450 6 Storage and Other I/O Topics 568 7 Multicores, Multiprocessors, and Clusters 630 A Graphics and Computing GPUs A-2 B Assemblers, Linkers, and the SPIM Simulator B-2 The Basics of Logic Design C-2 Mapping Control to Hardware D-2