General Consideration Diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed before this pregnancy Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) Carbohydrate intolerance of varying degree of severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy

异常分娩的诊治要点 1产前诊断 2产时诊断 3注重病因学诊断

Physiological Stages Neonatal period: birth---4 weeks Childhood: 4 weeks----12 years Puberty:12 years----18 years Sexual maturation: 18 year-=-50 year Perimenopause: decline of ovarian function(40 years)---1year postmenopause Postmenopause:

General considerations Definition In placenta previa, the placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment and located over the internal os. It constitutes an obstruction of descent of the presenting part. Main cause of obstetrical hemorrhage Incidence 0.24%-1.57% (our country)

General Consideration Definition The separation of the placenta from its site of implantation after 20 weeks of gestation or during the course of delivery Frequency 0.51%0-2.33%(our country) 1%o(other countries) Incidence of fetal death

Definition of AFE AFE is rare obstetric emergenc in which amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair, or other debris enter the maternal circulation, causing cardiorespiratory collapse

General Consideration Antenatal cardiovascular changes Blood volume increase by 40%-60%0 Peaking at 32-34 weeks the expansion in plasma volume is greater than that expansion of red cell mass Cardiac output Increase by 40%6-50% Peaking at 20-24 weeks

胎盘早剥 Obstetrics is\bloody business Even though the maternal mortality rate has been reduced dramatically by hospitalization for delivery and the availability of blood for transfusion, death from hemorrhage remains prominent in the majority reports From willams obstetrics

Definition Abruptio Placentae( placental abruption): premature separation of the normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall

Introduction to Process Engineering From Chemical Engineering to Process Engineering? Raw materials