4.1 Thorndike’s Connectionism 4.1.1 Edward Lee Thorndike:1874-1949, American educational psychologist. 1891-1895,studied English literature in Wesleyan University. 1895-1897,studied psychology in Harvard Unviversity.(James) 1897-1898, studied in Columbia University, and got his PH.D.(Kattel)

Development refers to the ways people grow, adapt, and change during their lifetimes. physical development, personality development, socioemotional development, cognitive development(thinking), and language development

1.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. American Psychology Association(APA) 2.Journal of Educational Psychology,APA 3. Contemporary Educational Psychology.APA 4. Educational Psychologist.APA

南华大学：《创新创业教育》课程教学大纲 Innovation and entrepreneurship education

5.3.1 About Bruner: Jerome Seymour Bruner(1915-) Born in New York in 1915. 1931,studied law at Duke Uni., then studied Psy. because of the influence of Mcdougall

5.1 About GestaltPsychology The founder ofGestalt psychology: Max Wertheimer(1880-1943)

1915-1918, taught at Northwestern Uni., At which time he was released for “lack of teaching success”, but more likely it was because of his pacifism during wartime

Learning Theory of Gestalt Psychology 5.1 About Gestalt Psychology before1900,studied law,philosophy. 1901-1904,studied psychology and philosophy at the universities of Prague, Berlin. 1904, received Ph.D. at Würzbur

基于“学习产出”（ＯＢＥ）的工程教育模式（汕头大学的实践与探索）

“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly