书店是一古老的行业,在功能上与其他商品零售店无异,是图书出版业行销通路成员之一。但因书籍负有知识、文化传递使命。传统上较不被视为「商品」,书店也被 视为文化事业,商业气息较不浓厚。早期台湾的书店大多是出版社经营的门市部(比方说南部的南一书局、中部的中央书局及北部的东方书局),其主要展售出版社自己的 出版品,兼卖其他出版社的书,在管理方式上都是书店所有者自行经营管理。书店业的产业特微是书店家数非常多,且-一家书店的规模都不大,也因此无法获得规模经济利 益

一、销售渠道及设计 二、配置渠道成员 三、批发和零售 四、实体分配与物流支持

旅游业像雨伞一样覆盖五个方面的经营住宿、 餐饮、交通、零售商和目的地活动,主要涉及饭店企 业、旅行社企业、旅游交通等企业。她虽然较制造业、 包装业还年轻,但对世界经济起到了不可估量的作用, 这与其特征密不可分。 一、旅游企业的构成与特征 二、饭店企业 三、旅行社企业 四、旅游交通及其他娱乐设施

Planning Procedures and opportunity Analysis Overall Direction and goals Top-Down Plans Bottom-Up Plans Enactment Sales Opportunity Grid

To Show Examine The concept of Retail Image To Describe How A Retail Store Image Is Related To Describe Ways of Encouraging Customers To Spend More Time Shopping To Consider Impact of Community Relations

To Describe Major Aspects of Financial Merchandise Planning and Management To Explain the cost and retail methods of Accounting To Examine alternative methods of Inventory Control To Integrate Dollar and Unit Merchandising Control Concepts

Advantages of Merchandising Oriented Philosophy Smooth chain of command Expertise Responsibility and Authority Clear Buyer Involved with Display Reduced costs Buyer Closer to Consumers

Profit Planning Profit Loss (Income Statement) Net Sales Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) Gross Profit (Margin) Operating Expenses Net Profit Before Taxes

Types of Locations Isolated Store Unplanned Business District Planned Shopping Center

Nonsystematic Research Intuition Status Quo Copying a Competitor Talk to Only a Few Assume Past will Continue into Future Why Are These a Problem?