HIV是一双股单链RNA病毒，属逆转录病毒科，慢病毒亚科。分为两型。即HIV－1和HIV－2。目前世界范围内流行目前世界范围内流行的主要由HIV－1所致。HIV－2仅在西非部分地区流行。HIV对热敏感，56℃30分钟、25%以上乙醇、0.2%次氯酸钠、1%戊二醛等处理后戊二醛等处理后均可灭活。但对0.1%福尔马林、电离辐射和紫外线等的抵抗力较强

《改变生活的生物技术》课程教学资源（阅读材料）反义RNA技术

《改变生活的生物技术》课程教学资源（阅读材料）RNA 干扰技术

6. 1 基因表达研究技术 6. 2 基因敲除技术 6. 3 蛋白质及RNA相互作用技术 6. 4 基因芯片及数据分析 6. 5 其它分子生物学技术

一、基因表达的概念 1、基因（gene）：从遗传学讲，基因就是遗传的基本单位或单元，具有编码RNA或多数情况下编码多肽功能的信息单位。从分子生物学看，基因是负载特定遗传信息的DNA分子片段

The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA) , are, respectively , the molecules that preserve here￾ditary information and that transcribe and translate it in a way that allows the synthesis of all the varied proteins of the cell 25.2 NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEOSIDES

1. What are the gene expression stages that can be regulated? (10 points) Regulated stages in gene expression: (1) transcription initiation (the most important stage): RNAP binding of the promoter, transition from the closed complex to the open complex; promoter escape 4’ (2) stages after initiation (elongation and termination) 2’ (3) RNA processing (alternative splicing) in eukaryotes 2’ (4) translation 2’

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Your answer should describe what each item is and how it functions in the cell. Diagrams, structure and sequence information should be included in your answer, as necessary. 1. Yeast artificial chromosome 2. RNA interference 3. Proteomics

一、基因表达的概念 1、基因（gene）：从遗传学讲，基因就是遗传的基本单位或单元，具有编码RNA或多数情况下编码多肽功能的信息单位。从分子生物学看，基因是负载特定遗传信息的DNA分子片段