Biological Membranes and Transportpart II Passive transport: with the gradient – Water transport—aquaporins – Glucose transporters – Co-transport of chloride and bicarbonate Active transport: against the gradient – Transport ATPases – Ion channels

Introduction A diverse group of water-insoluble (hydrophobic) compounds three types of lipids—storage or structural lipids, “bioactive” lipids

一、引言/Foreword 二、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches of waterpollution cost 三、水污染经济损失计算模型 Valuation model of water pollution cost

6.1 Introduction of Vitamins 6.2 The Water-solubke vitamin 6.3 The Fat Soluble Vitamins 6.4 Variation of Vit in food processing and storage 6.5 Anilysis of Vitamins 6.6 Introduction of minerals 6.7 Source and statement 6.8 Variation of Mineral in food processing and storage 6.9 Analysis of Mineral in food

drogen peroxide is formed in the cells of plants and animals but is toxic to them. neemen Consequently, living systems hav developed mechanisms to rid themselves of hydrogen peroxide, usually by enzyme-catalyzed reduction to water. An under- standing of how reactions take place, be they reactions in living systems or reactions in

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 9.1 The reaction is an acid-base process; water is the proton donor. Two separate proton-transfer steps are involved

The packaging sector is an important global industry, representing about 2% of the Gross National Product (GNP) of the developed countries. The value of the packaging industry is about 345 million euros worldwide, of which Europe represents a third. Fifty per cent of this market is packaging for food. Forecasts suggest that the sector will continue to grow in size and importance Many cooking and preservation processes still largely depend on effective packaging, for example canning, aseptic, sous vide and baking processes. Processes such as drying and freezing would be lost without protective packaging after processing to control product exposure to the effects of oxygen light, water vapour, bacterial and other contaminants. However, modern food packaging no longer has just a passive role in protecting and marketing the product. It increasingly has an active role in processing, preservation

Overview: A good 'H NMR sample contains about 10 mg of compound. The solution should contain no solids or paramagnetic impurities. Your deuterated NMR solvent should be free of water,and your NMR spectrum should contain no solvent peaks. Reference: Zubrick page 295 is relatively useful, but you should follow the specifics in this handout Also, keep in mind that we won't be running continuous wave spectrometers, so you should disregard any discussion of them. NMR Solvents:

藻类植物整个藻体都能吸收营养制造有机物质 ,不需要高等植物那样花相当多的能量消耗在 支持器官上。藻类植物体形态多样,许多种类 要用显微镜或电镜才能观察清楚。形态结构、 繁殖方法也简单。通常以细胞分裂为主,当环 境条件适宜、营养物质丰富时,藻体个体数的 增长非常快速。藻类分布十分广泛,各种水域 中均有。有些种类在小水体和浅水湖泊中常大 量繁殖,使水体呈现色彩,这一现象称为“水 华”(water bloom)有些种类在海水中大量繁 殖,形成“赤潮”(red tide)

Working on a vacuum manifold: See LLP chapter 9.2 for an excellent discussion on working with air-sensitive reagents, including how to use a two-way manifold. De-gassing solvents: The best way to remove water and oxygen from a solvent is to distill it over an appropriate drying agent (such as sodium). This can sometimes be a lengthy (and dangerous)task. Since we