A/B milk and yoghurt, 428 atto Abbe refractometer. 458 Apo-lactoferrin, 364 of cheese. 4 Apparent viscosity, 454, 455 djunct starters, 41 Arachidonic acid, 142 attenuated lactic acid bacteria, 418 Arteriovenous difference studies. 2( elevated ripening temperature, 41 Arthrobacter spp, 407

General references on dairy chemistry 1 Production and utilization of milk 1. 1 Introduction 1. 3 Classification of mammal 1.4 Structure and development of

Milk has been the subject of scientific study for about 150 years and consequently, is probably the best characterized, in chemical terms, of our major foods. It is probably also the most complicated and serves as the raw material for a very large and diverse family of food products. Dairy science

Normal bovine milk contains about 3. 5% protein. The conce changes significantly during lactation, especially during the first ft post-partum(Figure 4. 1); the greatest change occurs in the whey fraction(Figure 4.2). The natural function of milk proteins is to supply

The salts of milk are mainly the phosphates, citrates, chlorides, sulphates, carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium, potassium, calcium and mag- nesium. Approximately 20 other elements are found in milk in trace amounts, including copper, iron, silicon, zinc and iodine. Strictly speaking

In modern dairy technology, milk is almost always subjected to a heat treatment; typical examples are: Thermization e.g.65°℃×15s Pasteurization LTLT (low temperature, long time) 63C 30 min HTST(high temperature, short time) 15s Forewarming(for sterilization)

The stability, or instability, of the milk fat emulsion is very significant with respect to many physical and chemical characteristics of milk and dairy products. The stability of the emulsion depends strongly on the integrity of

蛋白质是以氨基酸为基本单位的生物大分子，是动物、植物和微生物细胞中最重要的有机物质之一， 是生命存在的形式

Liquid-liquid extraction is a unit operation frequently employed in the pharmaceutical industry, as in many others, for recovery and purification of a desired ingredient from the solution in which it was prepared. Extraction may also be used to remove impurities from a feed stream

must also consider heating andor cooling requirements as well as to deliver the desired head pressure to overcome hydraulic pressure drop. Operating costs must also consider equipment maintenance, cost of cleaning chemicals and labor costs