细胞从外界环境中摄取化学物质 ,使其在生长过程中获取生命活 动所需的能量及其结构物质的生 理过程称为营养或营养作用

第一节测定微生物繁殖的方法 一、测生长量 二、测繁殖数

第一节菌种的衰退和复壮 一、菌种的衰退 二、菌种的复壮 第二节菌种的保藏 一、菌种保藏的目的 二、菌种保藏的原理 三、菌种保藏的方法

Microbial molecular biology and genetics A clone: a population of cells that are derived asexually from a parental cell and are genetically identical. Genome: all the genes present in cell or virus. Central dogma:dna→rna→ protein transcription translation

一。支原体(Mycoplasma)

7.1 An overview of metabolism Metabolism may be divided into two major parts: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism: larger and more Waste products complex molecules are broken Nutrients Biosynthesis down into smaller, simpler Energy molecules with the release of for growth energy

一、细胞的形态构造及其功能 (一)形态和染色

一、遗传(heredity) 二、遗传型(genotype) 三、表型(phenotype) 四、变异(variation) 五、饰变(modification)

Adult: the last stage of insects, ontogeny. 成虫昆虫个体发育中的最后一个虫态

Related concepts Aspecies: a collection of strains that have a similar G+C composotion and 70% or greater similarity as judged by DNA hybridization experiments. biovars: variant procaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences. Morphovars: differ morphologically Serovars: have distinctive antigenic properties