Chapter One Introduction Heat: Heat is a kind of energy, Which occurs in the transfer process. (the transferred energy contains the orderly work and disorderly heat) Energy: Concept of energy is used to specify the state of a system in thermodynamics Heat Transfer: kind of application science, is concerned with analysis of the rate of heat transfer taking place in system, or with the research on the heat-transfer reqularity

In this lecture, we will revisit the principle of work and energy introduced in lecture D7 for particle dynamics, and extend it to 2D rigid body dynamics. Kinetic Energy for a 2D Rigid Body We start by recalling the kinetic energy expression for a system of particles derived in lecture D17

Chap. 14: Energy in Thermal Processes Solids, liquids or gases have internal energy t Kinetic energy from random motion of molecules translation rotation vibration

Chapter 17 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics 1. Heat and Energy Transfer, Internal Energy and Specific Heat 2. The First Law of Thermodynamics 3. Applying ist Law of Thermodynamics Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas

Earth's Internal Structure When a meteorite impacts a planet or moon, its energy of motion (called kinetic energy)is transformed into heat energy. As Earth grew larger and larger from continual impacts, its temperature increased. Radioactive decay of materials like uranium, thorium and potassium also added heat

Chemists use spectroscopy (Ir, UV-Vis, NMR) to determine molecular structure. spectroscopy: technique that measures the amount of radiation a substance absorbs at various wavelengths(based on the quantization of molecular energy levels Molecules exist in quantized energy states (rotational, vibrational, and electronic quantum states) Molecules absorb discrete amounts of energy(ae)and are excited to higher

§3.1 动量定理 (theorem of momemtum) §3.2 火箭飞行原理 §3.3 质心 质心运动定理 §3.4 质点的角动量(动量矩)定理 §3-5 功和功率(Work and Energy) §3-6 动能定理 势能 (kinetic energy theorem) kinetic energy theorem) §3-7 功能原理 机械能守恒定律 机械能守恒定律 §3-8 碰 撞(collision) collision)

The generation of metabolic energy is a major activity of all cells, and two cytoplasmic organelles are specifically devoted to energy metabolism and the production of ATP. Mitochondria are responsible for generating most of the useful energy from the breakdown of lipids and carbohydrates, and chloroplasts

yielding metabolism in aerobic organisms. All oxi￾dative steps in the degradation of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids converge at this final stage of cellular respiration, in which the energy of oxidation drives the synthesis of ATP. Photophosphorylation is the means by which photosynthetic organisms capture the energy of sunlight—the ultimate source of energy in the bio￾sphere—and harness it to make ATP. Together

1. Why we introduce the concepts of work and energy? F ma CWE theorem r r total = CWE theorem Conservation of energy (More universal) 2. About the systems that we discuss Ignore the size, internal structure, internal motion, deformations, and thermal effects