We do not characterize materials by their E mnpq The Emnpa are useful in doing transformations, manipulations, etc. We characterize materials by their \ENGINEERING CONSTANTS\ (or, Elastic Constants)
Thus far, we have concentrated on the bending of shell beams. However, in the general case a beam is subjected to axial load. F · bending moments,M · shear forces,S torque(torsional moments)
