1.掌握不同学科实验研究方法的特点和优势。 2.掌握如何根据实验研究的要求选择研究方法(包括一种或几种方法的要求)。 3.了解各学科的主要实验研究方法。 4.了解各学科实验研究方法在中医药研究中的应用

Chapter 2 Water Chapter 3 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Chapter 4 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins Chapter 5 Protein Function Chapter 6 Enzymes Chapter 8 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Chapter 9 DNA-Based Information Technologies Chapter 11 Biological Membranes and Transport Chapter 12 Biosignaling Chapter 13 Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types Chapter 14 Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle Chapter 17 Fatty Acid Catabolism Chapter 18 Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea Chapter 19 Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation Chapter 20 Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria Chapter 22 Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules Chapter 24 Genes and Chromosomes Chapter 25 DNA Metabolism Chapter 26 RNA Metabolism Chapter 28 Regulation of Gene Expression

UNIT I: Protein Structure and Function Chapter 1: Amino Acids Chapter 2: Structure of Proteins Chapter 3: Globular Proteins Chapter 4: Fibrous Proteins Chapter 5: Enzymes UNIT II: Intermediary Metabolism Chapter 6: Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation Chapter 7: Introduction to Carbohydrates Chapter 8: Glycolysis Chapter 9: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Chapter 10: Gluconeogenesis Chapter 11: Glycogen Metabolism Chapter 12: Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Chapter 13: Pentose Phosphate Pathway and NADPH Chapter 14: Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, and Glycoproteins UNIT III: Lipid Metabolism Chapter 15: Metabolism of Dietary Lipids Chapter 16: Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism Chapter 17: Complex Lipid Metabolism Chapter 18: Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism UNIT IV: Nitrogen Metabolism Chapter 19: Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen Chapter 20: Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis Chapter 21: Conversion of Amino Acids to Specialized Products Chapter 22: Nucle

一、物理性质与功能 （一）亲水性 定义：糖类的羟基通过氢键与水分子相互作用，导致糖类及其许多聚合物的溶剂化和（或）增溶作用。 1、结构与吸湿性

Part I Molecular Components of Cells 1 The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena 2 Water: The Medium of Life 3 Thermodynamics of Biological Systems 4 Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond 5 Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions 6 Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure 7 Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces 8 Lipids 9 Membranes and Membrane Transport 10 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 11 Structure of Nucleic Acids 12 Recombinant DNA, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology Part II Protein Dynamics 13 Enzymes—Kinetics and Specificity 14 Mechanisms of Enzyme Action 15 Enzyme Regulation 16 Molecular Motors Part III Metabolism and Its Regulation Part IV Information Transfer

1. 临床药理学（第 3 版） 2. 生理学（第 5 版） 3. 生物化学（第 5 版） 4. 内科学（第 5 版）

第一节 蛋白质的营养作用 Nutritional Function of Protein 第二节 氨基酸的一般分解代谢 General Metabolism of Amino Acids 第三节 氨 的 代 谢 Metabolism of Ammonia 第五节 个别氨基酸的代谢 Metabolism of Individual Amino Acids

第一节 蛋白质的分子组成 第二节 蛋白质的分子结构 第三节 蛋白质结构与功能的关系 第四节 蛋白质的理化性质与分离纯化

“细胞周期”（cell cycle）又称“细胞分裂 周期” ，是指一个细胞经生长、分裂形成两 个细胞所经历的全过程，即细胞从一次分裂 结束到下一次分裂结束所经历的全过程

各种食品都有其特定的水分含量，因此才能显示出它们各自的色、香、味、形特征。水在食品中起着 分散蛋白质和淀粉等的作用，使它们形成溶胶。水对食品的鲜度、硬度、流动性、呈味性、保藏性和加工 等方面都具有重要的影响。水分是微生物繁殖的重要因素