Introduction This manual is one of a series dealing with materials and manufacturing procedures for biscuits It describes, in general terms the most important ingredients used to make biscuits by type, function, handling and storage. Most of the ingredients are used to make biscuit dough. The techniques for

Biscuits are small baked products made principally from flour, sugar and fat. They typically have a moisture content of less than 4% and when packaged in moistureproof containers have a long shelf life, perhaps six months or more. The appeal to consumers is determine by the appearance and eating qualities. For example, consumers do not like broken biscuits nor ones that have been over or under baked

4.1 Introduction White wheat flour is the largest ingredient in nearly all biscuits. It is made from wheat by removing the brown surface coating and the embryo(the bran and the germ) and reducing the particle size to a fine powder. Modern milling methods are very complex involving many stages principally because it is difficult to separate the bran from the white central part (known as the endosperm)of the wheat

The regulations relating to food production are continually being tightened with the aim of improving the safety of food products and the safety of people working in food factories If you work in a food factory you must be acquainted with the potential dangers and constantly endeavour to prevent the food becoming contaminated with noxious substances. You must also

发酵食品是指经过微生物(细菌、酵母和霉菌等) 酶的作用使加工原料发生许多理想的十分重要的生物 化学变化及物理变化后制成的食品。从原理上讲,世 界各国的发酵食品独特的风味和风格都是建立在微生 物生命运动的基础上。发酵食品的微生物学不仅仅是 发酵食品生产的生物学基础和生产实践原理的源泉, 而且是微生物学重要的组成部分

2.1 食品添加剂的定义和分类 1 一种或多种物质 2 添加量也很小 3 一般不能单独作食品食用 4 不是食品原料固有的物质 5 添加量有严格限制 2.2 食品添加剂的使用要求和管理 2.3 防腐剂和抗氧化剂(食品保存剂）

本课程是食品科学与工程专业的一门专业基础课,从微观和宏观两方面讲述食品及食品 原料在贮藏加工过程中的物理性质变化和机械性质变化,使学生了解食品的物理性质、测定 原理与方法、物性的应用与控制,为研究开发新产品、提高产品货架期,从工程角度为学生 奠定理论基础

本课程是食品科学与工程专业的一门专业基础课,从微观和宏观两方面讲述食品及食品 原料在贮藏加工过程中的物理性质变化和机械性质变化,使学生了解食品的物理性质、测定 原理与方法、物性的应用与控制,为研究开发新产品、提高产品货架期,从工程角度为学生 奠定理论基础

一、分解有机废弃物 二、在生态系统中通过光合作用合成有机物 三、生产工业原料如乙醇丙酮等 四、生产发酵食品如醋奶酪面包等 五、生产药物产品如抗生素胰岛素等 六、有些为动植物病原微生物

第一节食品中重要碳水化合物的种类与结构 一、碳水化合物的分类 二、食品中碳水化合物的种类 (一)食品中存在的碳水化合物的种类 (二)不同来源的食品或食品原料中存在的碳水化合物 三、食品中碳水化合物的结构