1. Indications for prenatal diagnosis 2. Methods for obtaining fetal tissues for prenatal diagnosis 3. Analytical methods 4. New methods for prenatal diagnosis

A.The human genome and its chromosomes B. The origin of chromosome abnormalities C. Chromosome disorders

◼ Introduction of the basic concepts 2. What Causes Cancer? ◼ Genetic underpinnings of cancer ◼ Three types of Cancer Critical Genes ◼ Cancer initiation and progression 3. How to Prevent and Diagnose Cancer? ◼ Utilization the knowledge we learned from cancer genetics Outline

A. Historical Background B. Patterns of inheritance C. Genetic mutations D. Prenatal diagnosis

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1. General 2. oncogene 3. Tumor Suppressor Genes 4. Multi-stage Carcinogenesis

Medical Genetics Mutations (changes) in the mitochondrial chromosome are responsible for a number of disorders

复旦大学：《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）教学方法的探索 Teaching Methods Research

一、中国历史上的医生与社会 二、国外历史上的医生与社会 三、当代医生与社会 医－患关系 医－药关系 医－媒关系 医－保关系 医－农关系

慢性胃炎( chronic gastritis)是一种常见病,由各种致病因素所致胃粘膜慢 性非特异性炎症,病变以胃窦炎为主。可分为慢性浅表性胃炎,慢性萎缩性胃炎 和慢性肥厚性胃炎等三类。用纤维胃镜可直接窥视胃粘膜的病变,并钳取病变组 织进行病理检査,可确诊