Any form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. U.S. advertisers spend in excess of $175 billion each year. Advertising is used by: – Business firms, –Nonprofit organizations, –Professionals

北京工商大学：《物流系统论》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第一章 系统科学的原理与方法（主讲：何明珂）

北京工商大学：《物流系统论》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）第十章 物流系统的基本原理（下）

5.1 物流系统 5.2 物流系统的要素 5.3 物流系统要素之间的冲突 5.4 物流系统要素之间的协同

北京工商大学：《物流系统论》课程PPT教学课件（Logistics System Study）第四章 物流系统分析 Logistics system analysis

Step 1. Identifying the Target Audience Step 2. Determining the Communication Objectives Buyer Readiness Stages

北京工商大学：《物流系统论》课程PPT教学课件（Logistics System Study）第二章 物流与物流系统 Logistics and logistics system

北京工商大学：《物流系统论》课程PPT教学课件（Logistics System Study）第一章 系统科学的原理与方法 Principles and methodologies of system science

Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption. Satisfies a want or a need. Includes: –Physical Products –Services –Persons –Places

The Business Market - all the organizations that buy goods and services to use in the production of other products and services that are sold, rented, or supplied to others. Business markets involve many more dollars and items do consumer markets