◼ All DNA is recombinant DNA. ◼ Genetic exchange works constantly to blend and rearrange chromosomes, most obviously during meiosis, when homologous chromosomes pair prior to the first nuclear division. ◼ During this pairing, genetic exchange between the chromosomes occurs. This exchange, classically termed crossing over, is one of the results of homologous recombination

Uint 8 I. Basic listening practice M: Scentists claim the world population has 99.5% of the same DNA w: But this doesnt tell us there is no such thing as race Q: What is true of the dna of difference races? 2. Script w: With the advent of the genetic map we know where everything is, but do we know

Q1. Prokaryotic cell E. coli consists of a single closed-circular DNA molecule of 4.6 x 106 bp long. This DNA molecule would be 1.6 mm if the double helix is relaxed. Please describe what strategies does E. coli use to pack such a long molecules into its nucleoid less than a micrometer (mm) in diameter. (20 points)

Q1. Prokaryotic cell E. coli consists of a single closed-circular DNA molecule of 4.6 x 106 bp long. This DNA molecule would be 1.6 mm if the double helix is relaxed. Please describe what strategies does E. coli use to pack such a long molecules into its nucleoid less than a micrometer (mm) in diameter. (20 points)

Molecular biologists routinely use restriction enzymes as key reagents for a variety of applications including genomic mapping, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, DNA sequencing, and a host of recombinant DNA methodologies. Few

一、简要解释下列名词或概念(每小题2分,共30分) 1,codon; anticodon 2,B-form DNA; Z-form DNA 3,centromere;telomere 4,TATA box; CAAT box 5.gene family; gene cluster

DNA转录RNA前体加工成熟RNA的过程 RNA合成的两种方式: 1、DNA指导的RNA合成。 2、RNA指导的RNA合成

一、反（无）意义链（antisense strand）：作为RNA合成模板的DNA链，方向3'→5' 二、有意义链（sense strand）：与反意义链互补、与转录产物如mRNA的序列相同的DNA链叫有意义链，方向5'→3

一、简要解释下列名词概念(30分) 1. Nucleobase: Nucleoside: Nucleotide 2. Transcription; Reverse transcription 3. mRNA. tRNA 4. Genome; Transcriptome: Prote 5. Acidic amino acids: Basic amino acids 6. T-DNA; Organelle dNA 7. Plasmid: Phagemid

一、顺式作用元件和反式作用因子 Cis-acting element：不编码任何产物的 DNA片段，能影响与之相联系的同一条 DNA链上的基因表达 :启动子。 Trans-acting factor （转录因子TF） 由调节基因编码，调节基因是一种特殊 的结构基因，其编码产物（RNA或蛋白质） 可以扩散，控制其他基因的表达