Phenols are like alcohols in being able to form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Phenols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight. A modest solubility in water

6-1 卤代烃的分类和命名 一、分类 二、命名 §6-2 卤代烷的性质 一、物理性质 二、化学性质 1.结构与性质 2.亲核取代反应

SN2 reactions are highly useful in organic synthesis because they enable use to convert one functional group into another —— functional group transformation (functional group interconversion)

利用氟盐铝热反应法制备了Al5Ti1B中间合金细化剂,制定出完整的工艺路线和参数,并对其反应过程和原理进行了分析.制取的中间合金化学成分(质量分数)为:Ti,4.64%;B,0.84%.通过与荷兰KBM、英国LSM、国内某厂生产的同类产品进行化学成分、微观组织和细化效果三项指标对比分析,结果表明:自行开发的中间合金细化剂质量优于国内同类产品;同等条件下细化效果(TiAl3<50μm,TiB2<1μm)与KBM公司的同类产品接近,达到进口同类产品水平

The C—X bond of alkyl halides is polarized. The carbon atom bears a partial positive charge, The halogen atom a partial negative charge

Quinones are an interesting and valuable class of compounds because of their oxidation-reduction, or redox, properties. The redox properties of quinones are important to the functioning of living cells, where compounds called ubiquinones(泛醌) act as biochemical oxidizing agents to mediate the electro-transfer processes involved in energy production

 烷烃的通式、同系列、构造异构  烷烃的命名  烷烃的结构、SP3杂化、-键  烷烃的构象  烷烃的物理性质  烷烃的化学性质  烷烃的卤化反应历程、反应中的能量变化

10.7 The Geometry of Alkyl Radicals 10.8 Reactions That Generate Tetrahedral Stereocenters 10.9 Radical Addition to Alkenes: TheAnti-Markovnikov Addition ofHydrogen Bromide

1818年路易斯(WCMLewis)提出 碰撞理论(collision theory)基本假定: ① 分子必须经过碰撞才能发生反应, 但却不是每次碰撞都能发生反应。 ② 只有活化分子之间的碰撞才是有效碰撞。 ③ 单位时间单位体积内发生的有效碰撞次数就是化学反应的速率

平衡是过程发生后所到达的终点，是一定条件下的终点对于化学反应，我们通过反应终点可以得知反应的潜力