I guess I have to come out to reply to those who concern with the nature rate of unemployment. First, What is the natural rate of unemployment? It is assumed to be the unemployment rate at the steady state or equilibrium. Note that equilibrium here is not referred to the common demand-supply equilibrium, but to a state at which things are not changed, or remain the same. More specifically, suppose we can have an economy that could be expressed by the following dynamic system

I guess I have to come out to reply to those who concern with the nature rate of unemployment. First, What is the natural rate of unemployment? It is assumed to be the unemployment rate at the steady state or equilibrium. Note that equilibrium here is not referred to the common demand-supply equilibrium, but to a state at which things are not changed, or remain the same. More specifically, suppose we can have an economy that could be expressed by the following dynamic system

What is money? Notes Coins Current deposits （活期存款） other deposits with banks（银行的其它存款） Currency(现金) M3 = C + D

Elasticity… … is a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions … allows us to analyze supply and demand with greater precision

The Theory of Consumer Choice The theory of consumer choice addresses the following questions: – Do all demand curves slope downward? – How do wages affect labor supply? – How do interest rates affect household saving?

Structure Endowments Budget constraints with endowments Net demands Labor supply

一、供应链：(Supply chain) 1、概念：所谓供应链也称物流网络，是指产品生产和流通过程中所涉及的原材料供应商、生产企业、批发商、零售商及最终消费者组成的供需网络

（补贴协议）可诉补贴 Actionable subsidy (纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程 Integration process （服务贸易）境外消费 Consumption abroad （服务贸易）跨境交付 Cross border supply （服务贸易）商业存在 Commercial presence

6.1 Introduction: the problem of providing nutrition information Developments in nutrition research and improved scientific understanding of the relationship between diet and health have led to increasing interest in the nutri￾tional aspects of the food supply. This interest is shared by academics, health professionals, government officials, consumers and the food and supplement industries alike, although not always for the same reasons and generally at dif￾ferent levels of knowledge and understanding. Interest in nutrition, in respect of both total diet and individual foods, is second only to concern about food safety

You are going to hear some sentences telling you the 12 most populous countries in the world. Listen carefully and supply the missing information. Pay special attention to the numbers