1. Why we introduce the concepts of work and energy? F ma CWE theorem r r total = CWE theorem Conservation of energy (More universal) 2. About the systems that we discuss Ignore the size, internal structure, internal motion, deformations, and thermal effects

Chemists use spectroscopy (Ir, UV-Vis, NMR) to determine molecular structure. spectroscopy: technique that measures the amount of radiation a substance absorbs at various wavelengths(based on the quantization of molecular energy levels Molecules exist in quantized energy states (rotational, vibrational, and electronic quantum states) Molecules absorb discrete amounts of energy(ae)and are excited to higher

1 Introduction Background for New methodology Modern natural science methodology is mainly based on matter and energy Even though matter and energy are still necessitate factors in information system, yet the characteristic feature of information systems, particularly the complex ones, is neither matter nor energy but information Without information, the complex information systems, like brain and intelligent life. cannot be understood

To determine reaction''s mechanism, look at: Equilibrium constant Free energy change Enthalpy Entropy Bond dissociation energy Kinetics >Activation energy

15-1Formation Propagation of a Mechanical Wave机械波的产生和传播 15-2 Wave Speed& Elasticity of the Medium 机械波的传播速度媒质的弹性(自学) 15-3 Wave Function of a Plane SHW 平面简谐波波动方程 15-4 Energy Energy Flow and Wave Intensit 波的能量波动强度

PARTO- PRELUDE: REVIEW OF UNIFIED ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS [AW pp 2-22, 32-41(see IAW for detailed SB&vw references): VN Chapter 1] 0.1 What it's all about The focus of thermodynamics in 16.050 is on the production of work, often in the form of kinetic energy(for example in the exhaust of a jet engine)or shaft power

The kinetic energy of a rotating system looks similar to that of a

1. Nutritional type of microbe? 1. 1 A distinction should be made between the Heterotrophic and autotrophic Organic compounds .2 Carbon source Carbon dioxide Organic molecule a1.3 Energy source Light or chemistry energy

True: Growing and dividing cells need to use substrate to provide energy and materials for growth, maintenance and product formation. In immobilised (non-growing) systems the energy and materials are only required for cell maintenance and product formation

Chapter 7 Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (1)Mitochondria: in all eukaryotic cells The relationship between the structure and function of mit. ()Chloroplasts: in plant cells The relationship between the structure and function of chI. Mit: Oxidative phosphorylation→atp hl: Photosynthesis→atp+ NADPH→ Sugar