Homework 6: due after midterm week Chapter 6: Work and Energy Definition of work Work-kinetic energy theorem

The generation of metabolic energy is a major activity of all cells, and two cytoplasmic organelles are specifically devoted to energy metabolism and the production of ATP. Mitochondria are responsible for generating most of the useful energy from the breakdown of lipids and carbohydrates, and chloroplasts

yielding metabolism in aerobic organisms. All oxi￾dative steps in the degradation of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids converge at this final stage of cellular respiration, in which the energy of oxidation drives the synthesis of ATP. Photophosphorylation is the means by which photosynthetic organisms capture the energy of sunlight—the ultimate source of energy in the bio￾sphere—and harness it to make ATP. Together

1. Why we introduce the concepts of work and energy? F ma CWE theorem r r total = CWE theorem Conservation of energy (More universal) 2. About the systems that we discuss Ignore the size, internal structure, internal motion, deformations, and thermal effects

• Work of force • The kinetic energy of the particle and its system • Theorem of kinetic energy • Examples of comprehensive application of universal theorem

Chemists use spectroscopy (Ir, UV-Vis, NMR) to determine molecular structure. spectroscopy: technique that measures the amount of radiation a substance absorbs at various wavelengths(based on the quantization of molecular energy levels Molecules exist in quantized energy states (rotational, vibrational, and electronic quantum states) Molecules absorb discrete amounts of energy(ae)and are excited to higher

1 Introduction Background for New methodology Modern natural science methodology is mainly based on matter and energy Even though matter and energy are still necessitate factors in information system, yet the characteristic feature of information systems, particularly the complex ones, is neither matter nor energy but information Without information, the complex information systems, like brain and intelligent life. cannot be understood

To determine reaction''s mechanism, look at: Equilibrium constant Free energy change Enthalpy Entropy Bond dissociation energy Kinetics >Activation energy

15-1Formation Propagation of a Mechanical Wave机械波的产生和传播 15-2 Wave Speed& Elasticity of the Medium 机械波的传播速度媒质的弹性(自学) 15-3 Wave Function of a Plane SHW 平面简谐波波动方程 15-4 Energy Energy Flow and Wave Intensit 波的能量波动强度

PARTO- PRELUDE: REVIEW OF UNIFIED ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS [AW pp 2-22, 32-41(see IAW for detailed SB&vw references): VN Chapter 1] 0.1 What it's all about The focus of thermodynamics in 16.050 is on the production of work, often in the form of kinetic energy(for example in the exhaust of a jet engine)or shaft power