一 名词解释 每道 3 分 共 18 分 1. conditionality 2. divergence threshold 3. effective exchange rate 4. off-shore market 5. sterilization policy 6. currency swap

Commercial drivers Globalization trends Longer distances between producers and consumers Emerging markets, e.g. China, South America, Africa Lean manufacturing Focus on to eliminate waste, e.g. JIT Faster response to market demands

Arrow's disclosure paradox implies that information that is not afforded legal protection cannot be bought or sold on the market. This paper emphasizes the important relationship between the paradox of disclosure and the boundaries of the firm question. Only legally

This paper develops a model of the competition among states in providing corporate law rules. The analysis provides a full characterization of the equilibrium in this market Competition among states is shown to produce optimal rules with respect to issues that do not have a substantial effect on managers private benefits

Outline Flow of inventory cost Items and costs of merchandising inventory Assigning costs to inventory Lower of cost or market Errors in measuring inventory Inventory estimating method

7-1: The IS Relation in the open Economy 7-2: Equilibrium Output and the Trade Balance 7-3. Increases in Demand, Domestic or Foreign 7-4: Depreciation, the Trade Balance,and output 7-5: Looking at Dynamics: The J-Curve 7-6: Saving, Investment, and Trade Deficits

现代投资理论的产生以1952年3月 Harry.m. Markowitz发 表的《投资组合选择》为标志 1962年, Willian Sharpe对资产组合模型进行简化,提出 了资本资产定价模型( Capital asset pricin g model CAPM) 1976年, Stephen Ross提出了替代CAPM的套利定价模型 (Arbitrage pricing theory, APT) 上述的几个理论均假设市场是有效的。人们对市场能够 地按照定价理论的问题也发生了兴趣,1965年, Eugene Fama在其博士论文中提出了有效市场假说(Efficient market hypothesis, EMH)

4-1: The Demand for Money 4-2: The Determination of the Interest Rate: I 4-3: The Determination of the InterestRate:Ⅱ

Managing innovation is a necessary skill for senior management of all food companies producing new raw materials, new ingredients or new consumer products. Company growth and even survival depends on the introduction of successful new products into old and new markets. The dividing line between product success and failure depends on many factors, but the most important are new product qualities, skills and resources of the company, market and marketing proficiency, and an organised product development process

中国系列 城(Wall):大规模永久性防御设施 市(Market):商品交易地,“市井”,集市。汉魏市在城外郭内;唐市 占以坊之地;宋市由坊扩展为街