present on the B-cell membrane and secreted by plasma cells. Membrane-bound antibody con- fers antigenic specificity on B cells; antigen-specific prolifer- ation of B-cell clones is elicted by the interaction of membrane antibody with antigen Secreted antibodies ci culate in the blood, where they serve as the effectors of hu- moral immunity by searching out and neutralizing antigens or marking them for elimination. All antibodies share struc

第一节球菌 种类:革兰阳性球菌葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎链球菌。 革兰阴性球菌ㄧ脑膜炎球菌、淋球菌。 化脓性球菌:对人类有致病作用的病原性球菌,因能引起化脓性炎症, 故又称化脓性球菌

抗原递呈细胞 ( antigen presenting cell,APC) 定义:是能摄取、加工、处理抗原并将抗原信 息提呈给淋巴细胞的细胞 分类:专职抗原递呈细胞—巨噬细胞、树 突状细胞、B细胞等

概念:体积微小、结构简单、只含有一种类型的核酸,必须在易感的活 细胞内以复制的方式进行增殖的非细胞型微生物成熟的病毒体称为病毒体

cell receptor when complexed with MHC,are called antigens. The molecular properties of antigens and he way in which these properties ultimately contribute to immune activation are central to our understanding of the mmune system. This chapter describes some of the molecu- Complementarity of Interacting Surfaces of Antibody(left) lar features of antigens recognized by B or T cells. The chap and Antigen(rig ter also explores the contribution made to immunogenicity by the biological system of the host; ultimately the biological system determines whether a molecule that combines with a a Immunogenicity Versus Antigenicity Bor T cells antigen-binding receptor can then induce an im

body. These organs can be classified functionally nto two main groups. The primary lymphoid organs provide appropriate microenvironments for the development and maturation of lymphocytes. The secondary lymphoid organs rap antigen from defined tissues or vascular spaces and are sites where mature lymphocytes can interact effectively with that antigen. Blood vessels and lymphatic systems connect these organs, uniting them into a functional whole Carried within the blood and lymph and populating the Macrophage Interacting with

一、微生物疾病的诊断  病症观察  显微镜检查  生物化学检验  微生物培养  免疫学技术  分子生物学方法 二、微生物疾病的治疗 三、微生物疾病的预防

defense system that has evolved to protect animals from invading pathogenic microorganisms and ancer. It is able to generate an enormous variety of cells and molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminat ing an apparently limitless variety of foreign invaders. These cells and molecules act together in a dynamic network whose omplexity rivals that of the nervous system. Functionally, an immune response can be divided into two related activities--recognition and response. Immune

目录 一、农药分析取样与分离 二、农药的分离与纯化方法 三、商品农药的一般分析方法 四、气相色谱技术 五、薄层分析、酶抑制技术和荧光技术 六、免疫学检测方法 七、超临界流体萃取技术 八、手性拆分与毛细管电泳

1.掌握系统性血管炎(巨细胞动脉炎、大动脉 炎、结节性多动脉炎、显微镜下多血管炎、 韦格氏肉芽肿、变异性肉芽肿性血管炎、白赫切特病)的临床表现、实验室检查及血清 免疫学检测临床意义。 2.熟悉系统性血管炎病的诊断依据、治疗原则 3.了解血管炎病的特点、分类、发病机制及病 理学特征