1. Carbohydrates are aldehyde or ketone compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups or substances that can yield such compounds on hydrolysis(p. 293) 1.1 Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on earth and have multiple roles in all forms of life. 1.1.1 Carbohydrates serve as energy stores (e.g., starch in plants, glycogen in animals), fuels (e.g., glucose), and metabolic intermediates (e.., ATP, many coenzymes)

1. Cells need energy to do all their work To generate and maintain its highly ordered structure (biosynthesis of macromolecules). To generate all kinds of movement. To generate concentration and electrical gradients

process can occur spontaneously is that the entropy changes of chemical reactions are not readily measured. Furthermore, the criterion of sponta- neity given in equation 2 requires that both the entropy change of the surroundings and that of the system of interest be known. These difficul- ties are obviated by using different thermodynar function called the free energy, which is denoted by the symbol G (or F, in the older literature)

Integral Kinetic Energy Equation Idea: Integrate BL flow in y, to \wash out\details in u() profile. Converts PDEs in, y into ODE in T

Applications of Porous Materials Catalys Molecular sIeves Biomedical Application membranes Energy storage http://nano.materials.drexel.edu Degree of Porosity

§14-4 Damped Vibration& Forced Vibration Resonance 阻尼振动 受迫振动 共振 §14-5 Superposition of two SHM with same Frequency in same Direction 同方向同頻率的简谐振动的合成 §14-6 Superposition of two Perpendicular SHM 相互垂直的简谐振动的合成 §14-3 The Energy of SHM 简谐振动的能量 §14-2 Amplitude Period Frequency & Phase 简谐振动的振幅, 周期，頻率和位相 §14-1 Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) 简谐振动

§ 12-1 Nonelectrostatic Force Source & Electromotive Force 非静电力 电源 电动势 § 12-2 Faraday’s Law of Induction 电磁感应定律 § 12-3 Motional Electromotive Force 动生电动势 § 12-4 Induced Electric Field 感生电动势 涡旋电场 § 12-5 Self-induction & Mutual-induction 自感和互感 § 12-6 Energy of the Magnetic Field 磁场的能量

Renewable Energy Networks Grid code sets out requirements for grid interconnection. Most current renewable generation systems are treated as \negative\ load. Future systems MUST contribute to system frequency and voltage control. Grid interconnection usually \makes or breaks\ a project

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM